草原超载过牧主体的确定——基于内蒙古两市222份样本数据的实证分析

Determination of Grassland Overload Overgrazing Main Body——Empirical Analysis Based on 222 Samples’Data from Two Cities in Inner Mongolia

草原是我国面积最大的陆地生态系统,牧区是主要江河的发源地和水源涵养区,生态地位十分重要。草原牧区牧民的生计收入来源主要靠畜牧业的发展,而畜牧业是牧区经济发展的重要产业,其地位亦十分重要。内蒙古自治区在实施草原生态保护补助奖励政策以来,取得了一定的成效,但是部分地区牧民超载过牧严重,一定程度上影响了生态环境保护政策的成效。本文利用内蒙古赤峰市巴林右旗、克什克腾旗与呼伦贝尔市新巴尔虎左旗、陈巴尔虎旗4个牧业旗的222份牧户的有效样本数据,运用多元线性回归模型,对牧户草地经营面积与超载率之间的关系进行实证分析,结果表明:牧户草场经营面积与牧户超载率呈负向相关关系,牧户养殖超载率越高,说明牧户所占有草原处于超载过牧状态的比例越高,不利于草原生态的可持续发展。其中,草场经营面积对超载率的影响系数为-0.0030,说明草场经营面积每减少100 hm2,超载率就增加30%。草场超载过牧的主体是中小规模牧户。

Grassland is the largest terrestrial ecosystem in China,and pastoral lands are the origin of major rivers and water-conserving areas,therefore the ecological status of these areas is very important.The livelihood income of herdsmen in grassland pastoral areas mainly depends on the development of animal husbandry,which is an important industry for the economic development of pasture areas and its status is also very important.Since the implementation of the Grassland Ecological Protection Subsidy and Incentive Policy in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,some good results had been achieved.However overload and overgrazing in some areas was serious,affected the effectiveness of the ecological protection policy to certain extent.This paper used 222 valid samples’data of herding households from four herding banners in Inner Mongolia,including Bairin Right Banner and Hexigten Banner in Chifeng City,New Barag Left Banner and Old Barag Banner,in Hulunbuir City,empirically analyzed the relationship between herding households’pasture management area and overload rate by multiple linear regression model.The results of the empirical analysis showed that:herding households’pasture management area and herding households’overload rate were negatively correlated.The higher the herding households’breeding overload was,the higher the overload state of the grassland occupied by the herders,which was not conducive to the sustainable development of grassland ecology.Among them,the influence coefficient of pasture management area on overload rate was-0.0030,indicating that for every 100 hm2 decrease in pasture management area,the overload rate increasing by 30%.The main body of pasture overload overgrazing was the small and medium-sized herding households.