兴安盟玉米保护性耕作模式探讨

Discussion on Corn Conservation Tillage Mode in Hinggan League

为了遏制耕地退化,兴安盟农机技术推广科对农耕制度进行改革,将精耕细作改为少(免)耕法,即保护性耕作技术。自2020年保护性耕作技术在兴安盟大规模实施3年后,对改善耕地板结、增加土壤有机质含量、提高抗旱保墒能力都有了明显效果。本文在黑土层流失原因,黑土地退化根源上作了较为详细的阐述;在黑土地保护起源上做了追溯说明;在连续实施多年保护性耕作技术的地块上,给出了耕地改善状况,生产成本结余情况的实验数据。文中通过“保护性耕作技术”与农艺要求的结合,列举了多种技术模式的试验示范方案,并对各种模式的工艺、程序、流程、要点、注意事项等都作了详细的阐述,同时,在多种方案对比中,分析了各种方案的优势、劣势以及在积温、光照、无霜期、降雨量等不同自然条件下的可行性,从中提出了适合本区域的最佳技术模式:“均行垄作模式”和“宽窄行垄作模式”。

In order to contain the degradation of arable land,the Agricultural Machinery Technology Promotion Department of Hinggan League reformed the farming system by replacing intensive tillage with less(no)tillage,known as“conservation tillage technology”.After three years of large-scale implementation of conservation tillage technology in Hinggan League in 2020,significant results was achieved in improving soil compaction,increasing soil organic matter content,and enhancing drought resistance and moisture retention capacity.This paper provided detailed explanation of the causes of black soil layer loss and the sources of black soil degradation,traced the origin of black soil protection,provided experimental data on the improvement of arable land and the production cost balances for plots that had been continuously implementing conservation tillage techniques for many years.Through the combination of“conservation tillage technology”and agronomic requirements,the paper listed various experimental and demonstration plans for different technical models,elaborated in detail on the processes,procedures,key points,precautions,and other aspects of each model.At the same time,by comparison of various plans,the advantages and disadvantages of each plan were analyzed,as well as the feasibility under different natural conditions such as accumulated temperature,light,frost free period,and rainfall.The optimal technical modes proposed suitable for the region were“uniform row ridge planting mode”and the“wide narrow row ridge planting mode”.