后结构主义的意义论及其文论价值——基于对南希《世界的意义》的阐释

On the Sense Theory of Post-structuralism and Its Literary Value:Based on the Interpretation of Nancy’s The Sense of the World

“意义”是哲学的重要范畴。经过尼采、德里达、福柯、德勒兹等思想家们的清洗,附着在“意义”范畴上的形而上学色彩逐渐淡化,“意义”越来越紧密地与存在、生存、生成等新的哲学概念结合起来,形成了具有后结构主义色彩的意义理论。法国当代哲学家南希的意义生成理论也是直面传统形而上学的“意义的危机”而形成的。在他看来,后形而上学时代对“意义”的思考必须转换为对“无意义”和“意义的生成”的思考,目的是激励人们去重建一个意义世界。南希将意义理解为含义、感觉、方向三层意蕴的有机组合,特别突出了意义作为感觉的生存论内涵,强调对意义的把握就是重新思考意义的实在性、有限性和独一性等问题,通过“领会”和“敞开”的方式实现意义的“出生”和“生成”。南希的意义生成理论实质是在生存论的意义上重建一个意义世界,对于重新设定中国文学与世界文学、中国文论与世界文论的关系,重新建构中国文学史的叙述模式,展开中国文论话语建设、文学批评实践和文学史构建等,都有重要的方法论意义。

“Sense”is an important category in philosophy.After the purge of philosophers such as Nietzsche,Derrida,Foucault and Deleuze,the metaphysical color attached to the category of“sense”gradually fades,and“sense”is combined more and more closely with new philosophical concepts such as being,existence and becoming,forming a theory of sense with the color of post-structuralism.The theory of becoming of sense by Nancy,a contemporary French philosopher,is also formed in the face of the“crisis of sense”of traditional metaphysics.In his view,the thinking about“sense”in the post-metaphysical era must be transformed into thinking about“non-sense”and“becoming of sense”,in order to motivate people to reconstruct a meaningful world.Nancy understands sense as an organic combination of meaning,feeling,and orientation.Nancy particularly emphasizes the existential connotation of sense,which is considered as feeling in one layer.Considering the mastery of sense is to rethink the reality,finiteness and singularity of sense,and all these rethinking aims to“birth”and“becoming”by the way of“understanding”and“opening”.In essence,Nancy’s theory of becoming of sense aims to rebuild a meaningful world in the sense of existentialism,which has important methodology significance for resetting the relationship between Chinese literature and world literature,the relationship between Chinese literary theory and world literary theory,reconstructing the narrative mode of the history of Chinese literature,practicing the construction of Chinese literary theory discourse literary criticism,and so on.