反垄断行政执法体系的权责配置与监管能效——理论分析和中国的经验叙事(2008—2022)

Authority Allocation and Regulatory Efficiency of the Administrative Enforcement System of Anti-Monopoly Law:Theoretical Framework Analysis and Narrative of Chinese Experience

2008年到2021年,中国反垄断行政执法模式经历了从初设、重组到再构的三次重大变革,这些变革的频率和幅度在全球范围内都十分罕见。反垄断执法机构的权责配置是一项重要的基础性制度安排,它对执法机构的资源、行为和监管效能有着直接的影响。本文首先使用制度变迁和机制设计理论的基本逻辑,建立了一个从立法模式、权责配置、执法者行为到监管效能的分析框架,比较了多元和一元化两种权责配置方式的优劣势;其次,以中国反垄断行政执法体系的设立和变革为考察对象,观察和总结权责配置和执法效能的内在关系,论证了理论范式的合理性;最后,结合理论和经验研究的发现,围绕如何完善国家反垄断局的权责范围、执法体系和制衡机制等实际问题,提出了具体的主张和建议。

From 2008 to 2021,the administrative enforcement model of China’s anti-monopoly law has undergone major changes from inception,reorganization and reconstruction,with a frequency and magnitude rarely seen in the world.The allocation of power and responsibility is an important basic institutional arrangement,which has a direct impact on the resources,behavior and regulatory efficiency of the law enforcement agencies.Using the basic logic of the theory of institutional change and mechanism design,this paper establishes a theoretical framework covering the legislative mode,the allocation of powers and responsibilities,the behavior of law enforcers and the efficiency of supervision,and compares the advantages and disadvantages of the multiple and unified allocation of powers and responsibilities.And then,taking the establishment and reform of the administrative law enforcement system of China’s anti-monopoly law as the object of investigation,this paper analyzes and summarizes the internal relationship between the allocation of power and responsibility and the efficiency of law enforcement,and demonstrates the rationality of the theoretical paradigm.Finally,based on the findings of theoretical and empirical studies,specific suggestions and suggestions are put forward regarding the scope of powers and responsibilities,law enforcement system and check and balance mechanism of the newly established National Anti-Monopoly Bureau.