果树科技面向国家重大需求Ⅲ:山农酥梨及配套技术助力黄河流域高质量发展

Fruit tree technology facing major national demand Ⅲ:The ‘Shannongsu’ pear and supporting technologies help with the high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin

全面解读了《黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展规划纲要》,从中梳理出了水源涵养、水土保持、生态治理、水源节约、面污治理和富民产业6个关键词。对标6个关键词,总结提出以土壤有机质含量为核心的果园基础地力差是我国黄河流域高质量发展和果树产业提质增效面临的瓶颈或卡脖子问题。我国的盐碱地主要分布在黄河流域,梨树抗盐碱能力强,是黄河流域高质量发展及盐碱地高效利用的首选果树树种,但主栽品种“晚熟而不优质”是制约我国梨产业优质高效发展的卡脖子问题。利用苹果育种技术培育出优质、耐贮、极晚熟、抗氧化梨新品种山农酥,已经成为更新换代品种,推动了我国梨产业优质高效发展。在全面分析黄河流域生态特点、解读果园生草试验案例的基础上,发明了单一性与多样性有机结合、长柔毛野豌豆与自然生草多年交互生长的果园生草新模式,通过广泛应用取得了培肥、节水、省力的显著效果。

Comprehensive interpretation of the Outline of the Yellow River Basin ecological protection and high-quality development planning, it sorted out six key words of water conservation, soil and water conservation, ecological governance, water conservation, surface pollution control and enriching industries. Among these six key words, the poor basic soil fertility of orchards with soil organic matter content as the core is the bottleneck problem of the high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin and the quality and efficiency improvement of the fruit tree industry in China. The saline-alkali land in China is mainly distributed in the Yellow River Basin, pears have strong resistance to salt and alkali, so they are the preferred fruit tree species for high-quality development and efficient utilization of saline-alkali land in the Yellow River Basin. However, the bottleneck problem that restricts the high-quality and efficient development of China’s pear industry is that the main varieties are “late-ripening and not high-quality” using apple breeding technology, a new pear variety ‘Shannongsu’ with high quality, storability, very late maturity and anti-oxidation has been cultivated. On the basis of comprehensively analyzing the ecological characteristics of the Yellow River Basin and interpreting the experimental cases of orchard grasses, a new orchard grassing cultivation model with organic combination of unity and diversity, and villous vetch and natural grasses grow alternately for many years was invented. Significant effect of fertilization, water saving and labor saving.