长江中下游产区梨品种和树形综合评价

Comprehensive evaluation of pear varieties and tree shape in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River

为探明长江中下游梨产区轻简化栽培树形和品种的适配性,实现梨产业良种良法配套和省力高效栽培,以长江中下游产区代表性梨园为研究对象,对不同梨品种在不同树形下的新梢长势、萌芽率、成枝力、中短枝比率、早果性、产量等生长结果指标进行了调查,并利用模糊评价法进行系统评价分析。结果表明:采用水平棚架栽培模式综合评价值从高到低依次为翠玉梨、翠冠梨、新玉梨,开心形则为黄花梨、翠玉梨、翠冠梨、蜜雪梨;采用“Y”字形树形后翠冠梨表现要优于丰水梨;采用圆柱形树形的丰水梨、秋月梨、若光梨综合评价值较低,分别为0.564、0.615、0.621,新玉梨、清香梨、翠玉梨、黄冠梨、晚翠梨、翠冠梨综合评价值均在0.70以上。翠冠梨采用不同树形或模式的综合评价值由高到低依次为:开心形>“3+1”树形>水平棚架>圆柱形>倒“个”形>“Y”字形>纺锤形;翠玉梨的综合评价值在0.70以上的只有圆柱形1种树形;倒“个”形和“3+1”树形是适合丰水梨轻简化栽培的树形;不同树形黄花梨综合排名由前到后依次为开心形、圆柱形;圆柱形比纺锤形树形更适合苏翠1号梨的轻简化栽培。综上,水平棚架栽培、圆柱形、“3+1”树形、倒“个”形、开心形均可作为轻简化栽培树形或模式在长江中下游梨产区推广应用,生产中应根据品种特性选择适宜的树形。

In order to explore the adaptability of tree shape and varieties the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,and realize the matching of improved varieties and methods and labor-saving and efficient cultivation of pears,we investigated the growth results of different varieties with different tree shapes,such as new shoot growth potential,germination rate,branching ability,proportion of medium and short branches,early fruiting ability and yield.The fuzzy evaluation method is used for systematic evaluation and analysis.The comprehensive evaluation values of varieties with horizontal trellis cultivation from high to low were‘Cuiyu’pear,‘Cuiguan’pear and‘Xinyu’pear,while the open-center shape was‘Huanghua’pear,‘Cuiyu’pear,‘Cuiguan’pear and‘Mixue’pear.The performance of‘Cuiguan’pear is better than‘Hosui’pear with the“Y”tree shape.The comprehensive evaluation values of‘Hosui’pear,‘Akizuki’pear and‘Wakahikari’pear with cylindrical tree shape are low,which are 0.564,0.615 and 0.621 respectively.There are 6 varieties with comprehensive evaluation values above 0.70,including‘Xinyu’pear,‘Qingxiang’pear,‘Cuiyu’pear,‘Huangguan’pear,‘Wancui’pear and‘Cuiguan’pear.After adopting different tree shapes,the comprehensive evaluation values of‘Cuiguan’pear from high to low are as follows,open-center shape>“3+1”tree shape>horizontal trellis cultivation>cylindrical shape>downward-arrowhead-shaped>“Y”shape>spindle shape.The comprehensive evaluation value of‘Cuiyu’pear with cylindrical tree shape is more than 0.70.The downward-arrowhead-shaped and“3+1”tree shape are suitable for the cultivation of‘Hosui’pear.The comprehensive ranking of‘Huanghua’pear with different tree shapes from top to bottom is open-center shape and cylindrical shape.The cylindrical shape is more suitable for the lightened and simplified cultivation of‘Sucui 1’than the spindle tree shape.To sum up,horizontal trellis cultivation,cylindrical shape,“3+1”tree shape,downward-arrowhead-shaped,open-center shape can be used as labor-saving and efficient cultivation tree shape,which can be popularized and applied in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.In production,the tree shape should be selected according to the characteristics of different cultivation varieties.