不同授粉方式对蓝莓坐果率及果实品质的影响

Effects of different pollination modes on fruit setting rate and fruit quality of blueberry

为探究不同授粉方式下蓝莓坐果率及果实品质的差异,以北陆和蓝丰2个蓝莓品种为试材,分别测定直接套网袋、人工自花授粉、人工异花授粉和自然授粉4种授粉方式下2个蓝莓品种的坐果率、单果重、果实纵径、果实横径、果形指数、种子数、硬度以及可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸、维生素C含量,并对各指标进行相关性分析,以期选出最佳授粉方式。结果表明:直接套网袋方式下2个蓝莓品种的坐果率和果实外观品质均显著低于其他授粉方式,已经不能满足蓝莓基本生产需求;人工自花授粉方式下2个蓝莓品种的坐果率、单果重和种子数均高于自然授粉;人工异花授粉方式下2个蓝莓品种的坐果率和果实品质均显著提升。综上,提升蓝莓坐果率和果实品质的最佳授粉方式为人工异花授粉。

In order to explore the differences of fruit setting rate and fruit quality of blueberry under different pollination modes,two blueberry varieties Northland and Bluecrop were used as test materials to determinate fruit setting rate,single fruit weight,fruit longitudinal diameter,fruit transverse diameter,fruit shape index,seed number,hardness,soluble solids,soluble sugar,titratable acid and vitamin C content under four pollination modes of direct bagging,artificial self-pollination,artificial cross-pollination and natural pollination.The correlation analysis of each index were carried out to select the best pollination mode.The results showed that the fruit setting rate and fruit appearance quality of the two blueberry varieties under direct bagging were significantly lower than those of other pollination modes,which could not meet the basic production needs of blueberry.The fruit setting rate,single fruit weight and seed number of the two blueberry varieties under artificial self-pollination were higher than those under natural pollination.The fruit setting rate and fruit quality of the two blueberry varieties were significantly improved under artificial cross-pollination.In summary,the best pollination mode to improve the fruit setting rate and fruit quality of blueberry was artificial cross-pollination.