井冈蜜柚园土壤肥力和微生物特征调查研究

Investigation on soil fertility and microbial characteristics inJinggang pomelo orchards

以井冈蜜柚主产地13个蜜柚园土壤为研究对象,调查分析0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层土壤的基础理化性质以及细菌、真菌群落结构和多样性等指标,以期明确蜜柚园土壤与微生物群落结构的关系,为井冈蜜柚园的科学精准管理提供科学依据。结果表明,采样区土壤p H值均呈酸性,土壤综合肥力总体处于中等偏下水平。0~20 cm土层土壤细菌和真菌的物种丰富度均高于20~40 cm土层。变形菌门、酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门、放线菌门是蜜柚园土壤的优势细菌类群;子囊菌门、担子菌门、被孢霉门和毛霉菌门为优势真菌类群。土壤p H值、有机质含量、可溶性有机碳含量是采样区果园土壤细菌、真菌群落结构分异的关键驱动因子,此外,土壤真菌群落结构还受土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾等养分含量的影响。因此,建议在井冈蜜柚果园管理过程中增施有机肥,以改善土壤肥力和调控土壤微环境。

Soils from 13 pomelo orchards in the main production area of Jinggang pomelo were used as research objects to investigate and analyze the basic physical and chemical properties as well as the structure and diversity of bacterial and fungal communities in 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soil layer.In order to clarify the relationship between soil and microbial community structure in pomelo orchards and provide a scientific basis for the scientific and precise management of Jinggang pomelo orchards.The results showed that soils in the sampling area were all acidic in pH and the overall soil fertility was generally at a moderate to low level.The species richness of both soil bacteria and fungi was higher in the 0~20 cm soil layer than in the 20~40 cm soil layer.Proteobacteria,Acidobacteria,Chloroflexi and Actinobacteria were the dominant bacteria in soil of pomelo orchards;Ascomycota,Basidiomycota,Mortierella and Mucormycota were the dominant fungal groups in soil of Jinggang pomelo orchards.Soil pH,organic matter and soluble organic carbon content were the key drivers of structural differentiation of soil bacterial and fungal communities in orchards in the sampling area.In addition,the structure of the soil fungal community was influenced by the content of nutrients such as soil alkaline dissolved nitrogen,effective phosphorus and fast-acting potassium.Therefore,it was recommended to increase the application of organic fertilisers during Jinggang pomelo orchards operations to improve soil fertility and regulate the soil microenvironment.