卜辞“河东兆”与殷人东拓

The Hedongzhao in the Oracle Inscriptions and the NearbyEastern Political Geography in the Yin Dynasty

甲骨文“兆”可训为“界域”,故“河东兆”即“河东域”,推测是指安阳以东的古黄河东岸区域,约当今以濮阳为中心的豫东北、鲁西、冀南附近。商王常前往“河东兆”及周边的“鲧”“微”等地田猎巡游,还会派遣臣属监视渡口关津,以巩固对河、济之间地域的统治,强化“小东”“大东”之间的联系。商人东进以“河东兆”为起点,或在今聊城、平阴一带渡过济水,进入泰山周边“大东”地域;或由濮阳转进东南方向,取道古大野泽周边,抵达汶水南岸。及至周代,“小东”的政治中心由安阳转移到“淇县—濮阳”一带,“河东兆”偏北的渡口虽然还在使用,但战略地位有所下降。

The word zhao in oracle inscriptions means frontier,so the phrase Hedongzhao could be interpreted as area to the east of the Yellow River which was located near Puyang,Henan province today.The kings of Shang dynasty often hunt or patrolled in the Hedongzhao and neighbouring sites such as Gun and Wei,and sent officers to inspect the ferry,so as to consolidate the control over the xiaodong area.At the same time,Hedongzhao was for the Shang people the starting point of the route into the dadong area around the Tai Mountain by first crossing the Ji river hear Liaocheng and Pingyin of today.They might,however,also go southeast from Puyang and arrive at the south of the Wen River by way of the ancient Daye Lake.In Zhou dynasty,with the political center transferring from Anyang to QixianPuyang,the importance of the north ferry in Hedongzhao decreased even though it was still in use.