检测金属离子的分子荧光探针

Molecular Fluorescent Probe for Detection of Metal Ions

生物体的安全与健康一直备受关注,金属离子存在于生物体内,并对生物体的健康与疾病有着重要的影响。人体内环境复杂,金属离子在人体内具体的作用机理尚不清楚,因此寻找一种方法可以实现对人体内金属离子的检测对于探索它们在人体内的作用具有重要意义。分子荧光探针一般由识别基团、荧光基团和连接基团三部分组成,主要是利用探针识别基团与金属离子作用,改变荧光探针的结构,从而引起荧光性质的变化来检测金属离子。这些荧光性质的变化涉及到不同的荧光机理,比如光诱导电子转移机理,荧光由于光诱导电子转移机理会出现荧光猝灭现象,可以根据这个机理设计开-关或者关-开型荧光探针;分子内电荷转移机理由于探针与检测物反应会引起红移或者蓝移,适合比率型荧光探针的设计。荧光成像技术因对检测物具有特异的高灵敏识别能力和能够在生物体内实时监测的优点得到了迅速发展,已经广泛应用于生物体内活性物质的检测,大量的金属离子探针也被报道。本文主要根据检测不同种类的常见金属离子如铜离子、铁离子、锌离子、汞离子等,对他们在生物体中含量作用等做了研究。综述了检测铜离子的胆固醇类探针、新型开启式近红外荧光探针,基于氧化还原特性及把具有独特的Fe^(2+)脱氧作用的N-氧化物基团连接到荧光团上以特异性识别Fe^(2+)机理设计检测铁离子荧光探针,基于硫羧醛的脱保护反应构建检测汞离子荧光探针,基于分子内电荷转移荧光共振能量转移效应的锌离子荧光探针,检测镁离子的喹啉类荧光探针、检测镉离子的吩恶嗪类荧光探针以及检测铬离子、锡离子等各类荧光探针,综述了近三年检测金属离子的不同种类荧光探针的优缺点、设计机理、作用机制、研究进展及生物应用并对未被检测金属离子的荧光探针做了展望。

The safety and health of organisms have always been a concern.Metal ions exist in organisms and have an important impact on the health and disease of organisms.However,the human body environment is complex,and the specific mechanism of metal ions in the human body is still unclear.Therefore,finding a way to detect metal ions in the human body is of great significance for exploring their role in the human body.Molecular fluorescent probes are generally composed of three parts:recognition group,fluorescent group and linking group.It mainly uses the interaction between the probe recognition group and metal ions to change the structure of the fluorescent probe,thereby causing changes in fluorescence properties to detect metals ion.The changes in these fluorescence properties involve different fluorescence mechanisms,such as the photo-induced electron transfer(PET)mechanism.Fluorescence will appear fluorescence quenching phenomenon due to the PET mechanism,and on-off or off-on fluorescent probes can be designed according to this mechanism;The intramolecular charge transfer(ICT)mechanism is suitable for the design of ratiometric fluorescent probes due to the red-shift or blue-shift caused by the reaction between the probe and the detector.Fluorescence imaging technology has developed rapidly due to its specific and high-sensitivity identification ability and the advantages of real-time monitoring in vivo.It has been widely used in detecting active substances in vivo,and many metals ion probes have also been reported.This paper is mainly based on detecting different types of common metal ions such as copper ions,iron ions,zinc ions,mercury ions,etc.,to study their content in the organism.Cholesterol probes and novel open-type near-infrared fluorescent probes for the detection of copper ions are reviewed,based on redox properties and the mechanism of linking N-oxide groups with unique Fe^(2+)deoxygenation to fluorophores to specifically recognize Fe^(2+).Design a fluorescent probe for detecting iron ions,construct a fluorescent probe for detecting mercury ions based on the deprotection reaction of thiocarboxaldehyde,fluorescent probes for zinc ions based on ICT and ESIPT effects,quinoline fluorescent probes for detecting magnesium ions,and fluorescent probes for detecting cadmium ions The advantages and disadvantages,design mechanism,mechanism of action,research progress and biological properties of different types of fluorescent probes for detecting metal ions in the past three years are reviewed.Application and prospect of fluorescent probes for unmonitored metal ions.