静电纺聚合物复合金属有机框架功能纳米纤维膜的研究进展

Research progress in electrospinning functional nanofibers with metal-organic framework

为促进金属有机框架材料在静电纺丝领域的应用,分析了静电纺功能性纳米纤维膜的应用背景和金属有机框架的特点,介绍了金属有机框架与静电纺丝膜结合的可行性,并综述了聚合物复合金属有机框架功能纳米纤维膜的制备方法、发展进程和最新研究进展。对静电纺聚合物复合金属有机框架功能纳米纤维膜在水环境处理、锂电池隔膜、药物输送、气体分离等应用领域进行分类和讨论。概述了近年来聚合物复合金属有机框架功能纳米纤维膜的发展潜力和面临的问题。最后提出:金属有机框架与静电纺丝膜结合是一种可行的技术,对金属有机框架进行功能改性、设计温和的合成方法、增加其使用耐久性、安全性等将是未来的发展方向。

Significance Nanofiber membrane made by electrostatic spinning has the advantages of small fiber diameter,rich pores in the membrane,small porosity,large specific fiber surface area,and easy functional modification.In recent years,nanofiber membrane has shown broad application prospects in the fields of water treatment,new energy,biomedicine and so on.The molecular structure of metal-organic framework(MOF)has the advantages of high specific surface area,uniform pore size and adjustable structure.It is difficult to give full plays to its performance advantages in the fields of flexible functional film and large-area device.Therefore,it is necessary to make full use of the material properties of electrostatic spinning nanofibers with intrinsic flexibility and easy to achieve large-area preparation.The research and development of polymer composite metal-organic frame functional nanofiber membrane materials based on electrostatic spinning is of great significance to broaden the application field of MOF materials.Progress In this paper,the feasibility of combining metal-organic skeleton with electrospinning membrane is introduced,and the preparation,development and latest research progress of polymer composite metal-organic skeleton functional nanofiber membrane are reviewed.In addition,the applications of electrospun polymer composite metal-organic skeleton functional nanofiber membranes in water treatment,lithium battery separator,drug delivery,gas separation and other fields are systematically classified and discussed.At present,there are many reports on the research of MOF and polymer blending silk,and the preparation methods can be summarized into three types,i.e.(i)polymer solution spinning mixed with MOF particle,(ii)polymer nanofiber membrane modification with MOF and(iii)one-step blending spinning method.For the first methord,MOF particle mixed polymer solution spinning firstly synthesized MOF powder by traditional method,then dried MOF powder was mixed into the spinning solution by ultrasonic dispersion or high temperature dissolution method to prepare polymer mixed metal organic frame powder functional nanofiber membrane.In the second method,the polymer nanofiber membrane was modified by MOF.In this process,ordinary nanofiber membrane was prepared by traditional method,and then the prepared nanofiber membrane was placed in MOF stock solution,and MOF particles were grown on the surface of the nanofiber membrane.In the one-step blending spinning method,MOF and spinning stock are mixed in a specific ratio before electrospinning.The formation of MOF powder occurs simultaneously with the formation of fiber.One-step blending not only simplifies the preparation process,but also disperses MOF uniformly on the polymer fiber.By simplifying the synthesis of conventional MOF composite nanofibers into one step,it has better applicability to more polymers.At the same time,the problems of phase separation between MOF and polymer and aggregation of MOF in the preparation process are avoided,causing change in material properties.The electrospun polymer composite metal-organic frame functional nanofiber membrane has better characteristics than the pure polymer membrane,such as higher porosity and higher specific surface area,and has application potential in medical treatment,new energy and environmental treatment,which is of great significance for the realization of environmental sustainable development.Conclusion and Prospect The development potential and existing problems of polymer composite metalorganic framework functional nanofiber membranes in recent years were summarized,and the future development trend of this research field was prospected.Although advances have been made in many areas of electrospun polymer/MOF functional nanofiber membranes,some challenges remain.①The compatibility between MOF and polymer should be considered in the synthesis process.②The high temperatures required for most functional nanofiber synthesis processes limit the use of heat-sensitive fibers.③During the use of functional nanofibers,the degradation of MOF may hinder its function.④Durability and functional regeneration.⑤We need to consider the actual situation.For example,some functional nanofiber membranes can only work under certain conditions,such as photoinduced antibacterial MOF/fibers requiring sunlight.Therefore,functional nanofibers with more functions are more likely to become a viable technology.In order for electrospun polymer/MOF functional nanofibers to be widely used,it is necessary to develop low-cost,sustainable synthesis methods and further study the key properties of functional nanofibers such as mass load,BET,coverage and uniformity.The open grid structure of MOF material makes it easy to be chemically modified and can conform to reasonable expectations.