潜在献血者人群特征及其献血意愿影响因素研究

Research on characteristics of potential blood donors and influencing factors of blood donation intention

目的通过人群调研了解我国潜在献血者的人群特征以及影响其献血意愿的相关因素,以提高招募效率,建立更广泛的献血者队伍。方法在2022年10-12月通过线上问卷方式调研18~55岁的未献血人群,共收回问卷803份,其中有效问卷775份,收集其10项社会人口学特征、9项献血相关行为状况、5项献血意愿以及献血意愿影响因素。使用Logistic回归分析其人口特征,使用线性回归分析献血意愿影响因素。结果以是否是潜在献血者为因变量构建Logistic回归分析发现非独生子女59.6%(334/560)vs 45.4%(98/216),朋友有输血经历63.8%(238/373)vs 48.3(194/402),家人有献血史63.0%(194/308)vs 51.0%(238/467),受到亲友宣传献血相关信息的个体献血意愿更强64.4%(152/236)vs 51.9%(280/539),更容易成为潜在献血者(P<0.05);通过以献血意愿为因变量构建线性回归发现激励驱动对献血意愿的影响不大(P>0.05),而主观规范、献血便利性、个人同情心对献血意愿有明显正面影响,回归系数均大于0,分别为0.58、0.14、0.34(P<0.05)。结论应当建立针对特定潜在献血者群体的招募策略,如加强亲友宣传,强化主观规范,选择适宜的激励措施等,提供更为灵活的献血时间、地点,以构建更为广泛的献血者队伍。

Objective To investigate the demographic characteristics and factors affecting the willingness to donate blood among potential donors in China,so as to improve the recruitment efficiency for blood donors.Methods Non-blood donors aged 18-55 were investigated by online questionnaire to collect data in terms of sociodemographic characteristics(10 items),blood donation related behaviors(9 items),blood donation willingness and factors affecting their willingness(5 items)from October to December 2022.Logistic regression analysis was utilized to investigate their demographic characteristics,and linear regression analysis was used to explore the factors influencing their donation willingness.Results Logistic regression analysis was conducted with potential blood donors as dependent variable,revealed that individuals who were not only-child 59.6%(334/560)vs 45.4%(98/216),had friends received blood transfusion 63.8%(238/373)vs 48.3%(194/402),had relatives with blood donation experience 63.0%(194/308)vs 51.0%(238/467),and received blood donation information from relatives or friends 64.4%(152/236)vs 51.9%(280/539)were more likely to be potential donors(P<0.05).Linear regression analysis was employed with willingness to donate blood as the dependent variable,which indicated that incentive motivation had no significant impact on willingness to donate blood(P>0.05).While subjective norms,convenience of blood donation,and personal empathy had positive effects on willingness to donate blood,the regression coefficients were all greater than 0,which were 0.58,0.14 and 0.34(P<0.05).Conclusion To establish a wider blood donor community in China,recruitment strategies should be tailored to specific potential donor groups,and efforts should be made to strengthen promotion through relatives and friends,reinforce subjective norms,and provide more flexible options for blood donation time and location selection.In addition,incentive measures should be carefully selected to encourage blood donation.