从价值依附到自主创新:科技型中小企业技术赶超的驱动因素和模式构建——基于创新生态系统理论的组态分析

From Value Dependence to Independent Innovation:Driving Factors and Model Construction of Technology——based SMEs’Technological Catch-up A Configuration Analysis Based on Innovation Ecosystem Theory

关于后发企业技术赶超和创新生态的研究多关注大型企业及复杂产品系统,而对资源匮乏的中小企业缺乏探讨。本研究运用清晰集定性比较分析方法(csQCA)研究了国内外新兴经济体47家科技型中小企业的技术赶超机制。结果表明:高赶超绩效企业的追赶过程普遍存在“两跨越一壁垒五阶段”的特征;存在驱动高赶超绩效的四条路径:壁垒保护型路径、迂回竞争型路径、细分立足型路径和合作研发型路径;存在技术锁定型、需求阻碍型、竞争阻碍型和渠道依附型四类抑制科技型企业赶超绩效的路径。本研究拓展了相关理论研究视角,为技术赶超绩效的研究提供了中小企业层面的经验证据,对于从创新生态治理视角认识中小型科技企业赶超跨越的基本特点和规律提供了参考。

The research on technological catch-up and innovative ecosystem of latecon enterprises pays more attention to large enterprises and complex product systems.However,it lacks a discussion on small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)with scarce resources.This study uses a clear set qualitative comparative analysis(csQCA)to study the technological catch-up mechanism of 47 technology-based SMEs in emerging economies at home and abroad.The results show that:the catch-up process of enterprises with high catch-up performance generally has the characteristics of"two leapfrogs,one barrier,and five stages";There are four paths to drive high catch-up performance:barrier protection path,roundabout competition path,segmentation-based path,and cooperative research and development path;There are four types of paths that inhibit the catch-up performance of science and technology enterprises:technology locking type,demand blocking type,competition blocking type and channel dependence type.This study expands the relevant theoretical research perspective,provides empirical evidence at the level of SMEs for the study of technological catch-up performance,and provides a reference for understanding the essential characteristics and rules of catch-up and leapfrog of technology-based SMEs from the perspective of ecological innovation governance.