2022年盐城市新型冠状病毒全基因组分子特征分析

Molecular characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 whole-genome sequence in Yancheng City,2022

目的分析2022年盐城市部分新型冠状病毒的分子进化特征。方法通过高通量测序技术,对2022年5月以来盐城市新冠病毒代表样本进行全基因组测序,采用生物信息软件从核苷酸、氨基酸和分子进化3个层面进行分子特征分析。结果盐城市代表毒株主要位于3个进化谱系,5—7月的毒株位于BA.2.2进化谱系,9月以后的毒株主要位于BF.7和BA.5.2进化谱系,在各自进化谱系中形成众多进化分支。代表毒株S蛋白在一些关键位点上均发生了D614G、N501Y、E484A和L452R位点的变异,其他氨基酸位点变异呈散在性分布。结论2022年盐城市新冠病毒的流行主要由输入病例造成散发或局部暴发,以BA.2.2、BA.5.2和BF.7为主,随着在人群中流行、时间推移可能会持续发生核苷酸位点的漂移;应加强新冠病毒株变异监测力度,及时发现能引起重症及流行的变异株。

Objective To analyze the Molecular evolutionary characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 in Yancheng City,2022.Methods Representative SARS-CoV-2 samples from Yancheng City since May 2022 were subjected to whole-genome sequencing using high-throughput sequencing,and the nucleotides,amino acids and molecular evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 whole-genome sequence were analyzed using bioinformatics tools.Results The representative viral strains in Yangcheng City were mainly evolved into three evolutionary lineages,with viral strains from May to July that were located in the BA.2.2 sublineage and viral strains after September that were predominantly located in BF.7 lineage and BA.5.2 sublineage,and multiple evolutionary clades were generated in each lineage.D614G,N501Y,E484A and L452R mutations were detected in the S protein of SARS-CoV-2,and mutations at other amino acid sites appeared scattered distributions.Conclusion The transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was mainly caused by imported cases in Yancheng City in 2022,with BA.2.2,BA.5.2 and BF.7 lineages as predominant lineages.The transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in humans and temporal shifts may cause drift of nucleotide sites.The monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 mutation requires to be reinforced for timely identification of variants that cause severe cases and epidemics.