基于层次分析法的互通方案多目标优选研究

Study on Multi-objective Optimization of Interchange Scheme Based on AHP

为解决交通工程中立交互通设计方案的多目标优化比选问题,依托实际枢纽互通设计方案比选实例,开发了基于层次分析法(AHP)的逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS)优选评价模型。首先,以打分形式将专家长期工程设计经验引入决策评价体系,基于AHP确定了指标权重,融合TOPSIS法构建了综合考虑主客观因素的多目标优选模型并提出了互通方案优选决策方法。其次,以某枢纽互通方案比选案例为对象,与熵权法优选决策模型进行了对比分析。最后,通过复杂指标方案比选实例验证了决策模型的性能。结果表明:所提出评价模型可以科学地实现主客观因素的融合,方法理论概念清晰,易于实现;在对比分析中,由AHP确定的方案1为最优,贴近度为66.24%,而熵权法确定的方案3为最优,贴进度为51.35%,AHP的决策结果更符合实际工程目标导向,与最终方案决选结果一致,模型评价结果可靠;在复杂指标方案比选模型验证中,结合10个指标因素并综合专家打分输入模型,即可得到方案优选决策结果,且以数值形式展现;最终模型评价结果同实际工程决选一致,证明所建立的基于层次分析加权的TOPSIS优选决策模型具有逻辑严谨、计算简易、适用性强等特点,符合实际工程评价需求,能够有效解决多目标优选决策问题。

In order to solve the multi-objective optimization,comparison and selection of interchange design schemes in traffic engineering,relying on the example of actual hub interchange design scheme comparison and selection,a TOPSIS optimization evaluation model based on AHP is developed.First,the long-term engineering design experience of experts is introduced into the decision-making evaluation system in the form of scoring,the indicator weights are determined based on AHP,and a multi-objective optimization model that comprehensively considers subjective and objective factors is constructed by integrating TOPSIS method,and a decision-making method for interchange scheme optimization is proposed.Second,the comparison and selection of a hub interchange scheme as the object,a comparative analysis is conducted with the entropy weight optimization decision model.Finally,the performance of the decision model is verified by the comparison and selection of complex indicator schemes.The result shows that(1)The proposed evaluation model can scientifically integrate subjective and objective factors,and the theoretical concepts of the method are clear and easy to implement.(2)In the comparative analysis,Option 1 determined by AHP is optimal with closeness of 66.24%,while Option 3 determined by entropy weight is optimal with closeness of 51.35%.The decision-making result of AHP is more in line with the actual engineering goal orientation,consistent with the final scheme selection result,and the model evaluation result is reliable.(3)In the verification of the complex indicator scheme comparison model,the decision result for scheme selection can be obtained by combining 10 indicator factors and integrating expert scoring input into the model,and presented in numerical form.(3)The final model evaluation result is consistent with the actual engineering decision,proving that the TOPSIS optimization decision-making model based on AHP has the characteristics of rigorous logic,simple calculation and strong applicability,which meets the needs of actual engineering evaluation and can effectively solve multi-objective optimization decision-making problems.