国家治理的视角:新中国成立以来民族地区乡村治理变迁及启示研究

Changes and Enlightenment of Rural Governance in Ethnic Minority Areas since the Founding of New China:A Review from the Perspective of National Governance

新中国成立以来,湘西苗族乡村治理发生了巨大变迁。改革开放以前,国家主导乡村治理,实现了乡村社会重构;改革开放后,国家正式制度与乡村社会的非正式制度实现“双轨并治”,各自发挥治理优势;新时代以来,在国家治理指导下,乡村社会启动实施“共治共享共建”治理模式,取得了显著的治理成效。这一变迁轨迹对于未来民族社会治理创新具有重要启示:党和国家是引领民族社会治理的强大力量;在国家治理的规划下,实现国家与乡村社会的良性互动,是少数民族乡村善治的重要保障;维护民族团结理应成为我国治理制度设计中的重要内容。

Significant changes were seen in rural governance in western Hunan Province after the founding of new China.The state led the rural governance and reconstructed the rural society before the reform and opening-up,after which the formal system of the state and the informal system of rural society worked together under a dual-track governance model,giving full play to their respective advantages.Since the Socialism with Chinese Characteristics entered the New Era,under the framework of national governance,a social governance system based on collaboration,participation,and shared benefits was adopted in the joint effort of rural governance.The changes in governance model has vital enlightenment for further innovating the social governance of ethnic society.The Communist Party of China and the state are the most important force leading social governance of ethnic society.In the planning of national governance,promoting the positive interaction between the state and rural society serves as an important guarantee for the good governance of ethnic minority rural areas,while maintaining national unity should be an integral part in the system design of national governance.