风险社会视角下反垄断法预防功能的制度实现与理论适配

Institutional Realization and Theoretical Adaptation of the Preventive Function of Antitrust Law from the Perspective of Risk Society

风险社会理论给各部门法律制度带来冲击,反垄断法契合风险社会理论的前提要件与实质要义,因而需要寻求法律制度的变革与调适,以发挥预防功能来应对市场尤其是数字经济领域的垄断风险行为。2022年修订的《反垄断法》正是通过对制度的调整与新增以强化其预防功能。除却具有预防功能性质的经营者集中和公平竞争审查制度外,反垄断法还应在信息交换的预防性规制、反垄断领域的“守门人”制度和执法机制的革新等方面寻求制度衍生与拓展。反垄断法要发挥预防功能还需要对风险预防的构成要素进行理论回应,尤其是对不确定性与证明机制进行深入研究。当然,反垄断法预防功能的发挥需要借助比例原则和成本收益分析等工具把控其适用限度。

The risk society theory brings impact and subversion to various legal systems,and the antitrust law is not exception to the premise and substance of the risk society theory,so it is necessary to seek changes and adaptations of the legal system to play the preventive function of the antitrust law to deal with the monopoly risk behaviors in the market,especially in the digital economy."Antimonopoly Law",as amended in 2022,has strengthened its preventive function by making adjustments and additions to the system.In addition to the existing concentration of operators and fair competition review system with preventive function,the antitrust law should also seek to develop and expand the system in the areas of preventive regulation of information exchange,gatekeeper system in the antitrust field and innovation of enforcement mechanism.The preventive function of antitrust law also requires a theoretical response to the constituent elements of risk prevention,especially the uncertainty and proof mechanism.Of course,the preventive function of antitrust law needs to be exercised with the tools of proportionality and cost-benefit analysis to control the limits of its application.