朝阳区3~6岁儿童体质健康调查

Physical fitness among children at ages of 3 to 6 years in Chaoyang District

目的了解北京市朝阳区3~6岁儿童体质健康状况,为促进儿童体质健康提供参考。方法基于第五次国民体质监测项目收集朝阳区3~6岁儿童体质健康测试资料,包括基本情况、身体形态、身体机能和身体素质,比较不同性别和年龄儿童体质健康测试结果;采用多重线性回归模型分析3~6岁儿童体质健康的影响因素。结果纳入3~6岁儿童988人,其中男童490人,占49.60%;女童498人,占50.40%。3岁300人,占30.36%;4岁329人,占33.30%;5岁297人,占30.06%;6岁62人,占6.28%。身高为(109.46±7.31)cm;体重为(18.98±3.82)kg;坐高为(61.99±3.39)cm;胸围为(52.87±4.04)cm;静态心率为(98.04±9.61)次/分;握力为(4.78±2.22)kg;立定跳远为(75.01±21.89)cm,坐位体前屈为(10.07±4.51)cm;双脚连续跳为(7.54±3.84)s;15 m绕障碍跑为(8.73±1.66)s;走平衡木为(8.54±4.72)s。男童坐高、胸围、握力和15 m绕障碍跑的测试结果优于女童,静态心率低于女童;女童坐位体前屈测试结果优于男童(均P<0.05)。不同年龄儿童各项测试结果差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多重线性回归分析结果显示,非独生子女(β'=0.064)、非超重/肥胖(β'=0.192)、每日室内活动时间≥2 h(β'=0.156)、运动量(充足,β'=0.218;一般,β'=0.151)、父亲身高≤170 cm(β'=-0.075)、母亲身高≤160 cm(β'=-0.081)和父母文化程度(本科,β'=0.017;研究生,β'=0.084)是儿童体质健康的影响因素。结论朝阳区3~6岁儿童身体形态发育水平较好,身体素质需进一步提高。独生子女、超重/肥胖、室内活动时间、运动量、父母身高和父母文化程度影响儿童体质健康状况。

Objective To investigate the status of physical fitness among children at ages of 3 to 6 years in Chaoyang District,Beijing Municipality,so as to provide insights into improvements in children's physical fitness.Methods Physical fitness test data were collected from children at ages of 3 to 6 years in Chaoyang District based on the Fifth National Physical Fitness Monitoring Program,including basic characteristics,body shape,physical function and quality.The physical fitness test results were compared among children with different genders and ages,and factors affecting the physical fitness were identified among children at ages of 3 to 6 years using a multiple linear regression model.Results Totally 988 children at ages of 3 to 6 years were enrolled,including 490 boys(49.60%)and 498 girls(50.40%),and 300 children at an age of 3 years(30.36%),329 children at an age of 4 years(33.30%),297 children at an age of 5 years(30.06%)and 62 children at an age of 6 years(6.28%).The participants had a mean height of(109.46±7.31)cm,body weight(18.98±3.82)kg,sitting height of(61.99±3.39)cm,chest circumference of(52.87±4.04)cm,static heart rate of(98.04±9.61)beats per minute,grip strength of(4.78±2.22)kg,standing long jump of(75.01±21.89)cm,seated forward bend of(10.07±4.51)cm,double-foot continuous jump of(7.54±3.84)s,15-meter obstacle run of(8.73±1.66)s and balance beam walking of(8.54±4.72)s.Boys had greater sitting height,chest circumference and grip strength and lower 15-meter obstacle run and static heart rate than girls(P<0.05),while girls had higher seated forward bend than boys(P<0.05).There were significant differences in all test items among children at different ages(P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis identified non-only child(β'=0.064),non-overweight/obesity(β'=0.192),2 hours and longer daily indoor physical activity(β'=0.156),exercise intensitby(adequate,β'=0.218;generally,β'=0.151),father's height of 170 cm and shorter(β'=-0.075),mother's height of 160 cm and shorter(β'=-0.081),and parents'educational level(undergraduate,β'=0.017;postgraduate,β'=0.084)as factors affecting physical fitness among children at ages of 3 to 6 years in Chaoyang District.Conclusions The body shape development is relatively good among children at ages of 3 to 6 years in Chaoyang District;however,the physical quality remains to be improved.The only child,overweight/obesity,duration of indoor physical activity,exercise intensity,parental height and parental educational level are factors affecting physical fitness among children.