新时代基层医疗卫生机构公共卫生医师职能定位探析

Analysis of the functional orientation of public health physicians in primary medical and health institutions in the new era

近年来,基层医疗卫生机构面临着服务项目内容不断扩大、慢性病医防融合服务模式探索、疫情防控进入常态化等挑战。公共卫生医师作为保障和促进公众健康的重要角色,在人力资源配置上存在绝对数量及相对占比偏低、学历结构不合理、年龄老化等问题。在基层卫生健康工作中,公共卫生医师面临着职能单一、专业方向不清晰、处方权缺失、基层医疗卫生机构需求少等问题,而其在政策制定与评价、突发公共卫生事件处置、常见病与多发病防治、统计分析、科研等方面的能力未能得到重视和发挥。建议基层医疗卫生机构公共卫生医师可以根据专业优势,主管除免疫规划外的质量控制、社区诊断、社区疫情防控和全科公共卫生工作。

In recent years,primary medical and health institutions are facing challenges,such as the continuous expansion of service projects,the exploration of integrated service model for chronic disease prevention and control,and the normalization of epidemic prevention and control.As an important role in maintaining and promoting public health,public health physicians have problems,such as low absolute number and relative proportion,unreasonable educational structure,and aging age structure,etc.In the primary health care work,there are also challenges,such as single function,unclear professional direction,lack of prescription right,and low demand for primary medical and health institutions,etc.At the same time,the ability to formulate and evaluate policies,respond to public health emergencies,prevent and control common and frequently-occurring diseases,statistical analysis and scientific research has not been paid attention to and developed.It is suggested that the public health physicians in the primary medical and health institutions give full play to their professional advantages,and in addition to immunization planning,they can also be responsible for quality control,community diagnosis,community epidemic prevention and control and general public health work.