固体浮力材料海洋生物污损及其防护研究进展

Status and Prospects of Marine Fouling and Anti-fouling Techniques of Solid Buoyancy Materials

固体浮力材料为水下设备设施提供必要的浮力,是海洋开发和作业不可缺少的重要材料,其长期在海洋环境中使用,容易受到海洋生物污损的影响。海洋污损生物附着在固体浮力材料表面,会对浮力材料本身和使用浮力材料的设备产生严重的危害,导致浮力材料性能下降、功能受损,严重影响了水下设施设备的使用寿命及经济价值。本文通过检索近阶段固体浮力材料及海洋生物污损领域的研究进展,总结了固体浮力材料的特性、海洋生物污损原理和污损防护技术。重点分析和比较了各类防护技术的作用机理、适用范围及优缺点,评估了复合防护法和新型防护法的发展及应用前景,基于工程实践经验针对固体浮力材料防污技术的未来发展趋势进行了探讨并提出了建议。

Solid buoyancy materials,which provide the necessary floatation for various underwater equipment and facilities,are indispensable in offshore explorations and productions.They are susceptible to marine fouling when in long-term use in the marine environment.Serious harms may be done to the solid buoyancy materials and the equipment that utilizes them by the fouling organisms,resulting in the performance degradation and functional damage of the buoyancy materials,and seriously affecting the service life and economic value of the equipment.Herein,recent developments in the research of solid buoyancy materials and marine fouling are reviewed.The characteristics of solid buoyancy materials,the marine fouling mechanisms and the anti-fouling techniques are summarized.The working mechanisms,application limits and pros and cons of a variety of anti-fouling techniques are analyzed and compared.The developments and prospects of hybrid protection methods and novel protection methods are evaluated.Finally,discussions and suggestions are made on the future of the anti-fouling protection of buoyancy materials,based on the practical experience in the offshore industry.