无线重联系统通信状态对重载列车影响及操纵研究

A study on the influence of communication state of wireless coupling system on heavy haul train and its operation

当无线重联系统发生通信延时和通信中断时,列车制动和缓解性能会受到严重影响,威胁行车安全。针对神朔铁路新开行的2台神12交流机车牵引132辆C64的万t重载组合列车,文章采用基于空气流动理论和多刚体动力学的仿真方法,系统分析了在通信延时和通信中断的情况下列车的制动缓解特性、制动性能和车钩力水平,并研究了通信中断时的操纵办法。结果表明,随着通信延时的增加,列车管排风时间、再充风时间、车钩力、制动距离增加,列车制动和缓解的同步性下降。从从控机车对列车制动/缓解同步性的提升程度,以及循环制动时列车运行安全性的角度出发,通信延时应小于6 s。当通信中断时,列车管排风和再充风时间增加,制动波和缓解波仅由主控机车向后传播,制动和缓解同步性下降,加之从控机车未施加电制动力,导致通信中断的列车在缓解时的拉钩力显著增加,其最大拉钩力增加了93.9%。通信中断的列车采取先减压50 kPa,再追加减压至目标值的制动方法,产生的最大压钩力相较于一次性减压至目标值的操纵方法显著降低;当目标减压量为60~100 kPa时,追加减压的操纵方法相较于一次性减压的操纵方法优势更为明显,并且产生的最大压钩力小于900 kN。

The communication delay or interruption of the wireless coupling control system would seriously affect the braking and release performance of a train,undermining its operation safety.For the purpose of this paper,the 10,000 t heavy haul formation of 2´SHEN 12 locomotives+132´C64 cars for Shenmu-Shuozhou Railway was taken as an example,and the simulation method based on air flow theory and multi-rigid-body dynamics was employed to systematically analyze the braking and release characteristics,braking performance and coupler force of the train under communication delay or interruption,and the operation method under communication interruption was studied.The results show that as the communication delay increases,the exhaust and recharging times of train pipes,the coupler force and the braking distance increase,and the braking and release synchronization of the train decreases.Considering the level of improvement to the synchronization of train braking and release by the slave locomotive,the communication delay should be less than 6 s for the operation safety of train during cyclic braking.When a communication interruption occurs,the exhaust and recharging times of the train pipes increase,the braking wave and the release wave are only propagated backward from the master locomotive,and the synchronization of braking and release decreases.In addition,the slave locomotive does not apply electric braking force,resulting in a significant increase(up to 93.9%)in the tensile coupler force of the train under communication interruption when it is released.The train under communication interruption tends to adopt a two-step braking approach,namely reducing 50 kPa pressure as the first step,and then reducing the pressure to the target value as the second step,in which the maximum compression coupler force is significantly lower than that when the pressure is reduced to the target value by just one step.When the target pressure reduction is 60-100 kPa,the advantage of the two-step approach is more obvious than that of the one-step approach,and the maximum compression coupler force is less than 900 kN.