海口市重叠自然保护地整合优化管理策略研究

A Study of Integrated and Optimized Management Strategies of Overlapping Protected Natural Areas in Haikou City

自1956年我国自然保护区管理政策实施至今,已划定自然保护地逐渐出现了空间分布破碎化、孤岛化、交叉重叠以及多头管理、治理缺乏协同等问题。本文以典型热带海岛海口市域自然保护地为研究对象,应用核密度分析、地理集中指数和最邻近点指数等模型对海口市自然保护地空间分布和重叠保护地进行定性和定量分析。结果表明:海口市自然保护地总体呈集中分布特点,共有13处重叠,涵盖10种重叠类型,存在2个高密度重叠区,分别位于秀英区和美兰区;重叠保护地有相交和覆盖两种类型,美兰区均为覆盖型,秀英区以交叉型为主;自然保护区与自然保护地之间多为覆盖关系,自然保护区和自然公园、风景名胜区之间多为相交关系。由此,在分析保护地现状矛盾基础上参考海口市本轮国土空间规划中“三区三线”划定结果,对自然保护地重叠区域提出了整合优化建议,以期为我国省市级和海口市自然保护地优化策略和科学管理精准施策提供决策支持。

Since the nature reserve management policy is implemented in China in 1956,some problems have gradually appeared like the fragmented spatial distribution,isolation of reserves,overlapping territories,overlapping management,and lack of collaborative governance.Targeting the protected natural areas in Haikou that is located in a typically tropical island,this study conducts the quantitative and quantitative analyses of spatial distribution and overlapping protected areas in Haikou with such models as the Kernel Density Analysis,Geographic Concentration Index,and Nearest Neighbors Index.The results show that the natural protected areas in Haikou are concentrated in distribution,with the 13 overlapping areas covering ten types.There are two types of highly overlapping protected areas,namely intersection and coverage,which are located in Xiuying District and Meilan District respectively.The coverage type exists in Meilan District,whereas the intersection type is observed in most places in Xiuying District.The relationship between nature reserves and natural protected areas is mainly the coverage type,and the relationship between nature reserves,natural parks,and scenic spots is mostly intersecting.Therefore,while analyzing the contradictions in the current situations of protected areas,the principle of"Three Districts and Three Lines"delineation in the current territorial planning of Haikou City is referred to propose some suggestions for the integration and optimization of the overlapping areas of protected areas in the hope of providing support for the decision-making of scientific management of provincial and municipal protected natural areas and those in Haikou.