无锡市2012—2021年新发尘肺病病例特征分析

Characteristic analysis of new reported pneumoconiosis cases in Wuxi from 2012 to 2021

目的了解无锡市2012—2021年新发尘肺病的发病规律和特征。方法2022年7月,选择“职业病及健康危害因素监测信息系统”中2012—2021年报告的用人单位在无锡市的所有新发尘肺病病例资料,对病例的基本情况、诊断年龄及接尘工龄、诊断时间及发病趋势、地区、行业、企业类型及经济规模等进行描述性分析。结果无锡市2012—2021年共报告职业性尘肺病1444例,其中男性1274例(占88.23%),女性170例(占11.77%);平均诊断年龄(54.35±12.31)岁,平均接尘工龄(13.23±7.12)年;诊断年龄以40~49岁者较多(453例,占31.37%),接尘工龄以10~20年者居多(729例,占50.48%);病种以矽肺(799例,占55.33%)和电焊工尘肺(480例,占33.24%)为主;期别分布中,壹期1113例(占77.08%),贰期216例(占14.96%),叁期115例(占7.96%);地区分布居前3位的依次为江阴市(507例,占35.11%)、锡山区(490例,占33.93%)和宜兴市(275例,占19.04%);新发尘肺病病例主要集中于制造业(969例,占67.11%)和采矿业(431例,占29.85%),以私营企业(740例,占51.35%)和集体企业(552例,占38.23%)为主;小型企业占比73.55%(1062/1444),中型企业占比9.14%(132/1444)。结论无锡市新发尘肺病病例以矽肺和电焊工尘肺为主,新发病例呈现明显的地区、行业、病种分布差异,应加强对制造业和采矿业的中小型私营企业的职业健康监管。

Objective To understand the incidence and characteristics of new cases of pneumoconiosis in Wuxi from 2012 to 2021.Methods In July 2022,all the data of new cases of pneumoconiosis in Wuxi reported by employers from 2012 to 2021 in the“Occupational Disease and Health Hazard Monitoring Information System”were selected for descriptive analysis of their basic situation,age at diagnosis and dust exposure time,diagnosis time and trend,region,industry,enterprise type,and economic scale.Results A total of 1444 cases of occupational pneumoconiosis were reported in Wuxi from 2012 to 2021,including 1274 males(88.23%)and 170 females(11.77%);the average age at diagnosis was(54.35±12.31)years old,and the average dust exposure time was(13.23±7.12)years;the age at diagnosis was mostly between 40-49 years old(453 cases,accounting for 31.37%),and the exposure time was mostly between 10-20 years(729 cases,accounting for 50.48%);silicosis(799 cases,accounting for 55.33%)and welding fume pneumoconiosis(480 cases,accounting for 33.24%)were the main types of diseases;in terms of stage distribution,stage I accounted for 77.08%(1113 cases),stageⅡaccounted for 14.96%(216 cases),and stageⅢaccounted for 7.96%(115 cases);in terms of regional distribution,Jiangyin City ranked first with 507 cases(35.11%),followed by Xishan District with 490 cases(33.93%)and Yixing City with 275 cases(19.04%);new cases of pneumoconiosis were mainly concentrated in manufacturing(969 cases,accounting for 67.11%)and mining industries(431 cases,accounting for 29.85%),with private enterprises(740 cases,accounting for 51.35%)and collective enterprises(552 cases,accounting for 38.23%)as the main types of enterprises;small enterprises accounted for 73.55%(1062/1444),and medium-sized enterprises accounted for 9.14%(132/1444).Conclusions Silicosis and welding fume pneumoconiosis were the main types of new pneumoconiosis cases in Wuxi City.New cases showed obvious regional,industrial,and disease distribution differences,and occupational health supervision should be strengthened for small and medium-sized private enterprises in the manufacturing and mining industries.