学龄前儿童多动行为与运动能力研究

Study on hyperactive behaviors and motor ability of preschoolers

目的调查学龄前儿童的多动行为及运动能力,为改善多动行为提供策略。方法随机整群抽样年龄、性别1∶1配对的120例4~<6岁学龄前儿童,采用注意力缺陷多动障碍评定量表(SNAP-Ⅳ)调查儿童的多动行为,多动行为包括儿童注意力缺陷和多动/冲动两个部分,并开展运动能力的评估,运动能力包括手部灵活性、柔韧性、协调性、平衡性、灵敏性、肌肉力量。结果120例儿童中,47例(39.2%)有注意力缺陷,36例(30.0%)有多动/冲动,30例(25.0%)既有注意力缺陷也有多动/冲动。注意力缺陷处于边缘的有51例(42.5%),中度27例(22.5%),重度20例(16.7%)。多动/冲动处于边缘的有63例(52.5%),中度22例(18.3%),重度14例(11.7%)。注意力缺陷、冲动/多动得分在不同性别间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与4~<5岁比较,5~<6岁儿童注意力缺陷、冲动/多动得分更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与边缘、中重度注意力缺陷、多动/冲动儿童比较,正常儿童的手部灵活性、协调性、平衡性、灵敏性、肌肉力量结果更优,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论学龄前儿童多动行为发生率高,具有多动行为的儿童运动能力较正常儿童差。

Objective To investigate the hyperactive behaviors and motor ability of preschool children to provide the strategies for improving hyperactive behaviors.Methods One hundred and twenty preschoolers(4-<6 years old)with sex and age match by 1∶1 were sampled by the random cluster sampling method.The SNAP-Ⅳquestionnaire was used to investigate the children’s hyperactivity behaviors,including the two parts of children’s attention deficit and hyperactivity/impulsiveness,and the evaluation of motor ability was carried out.The motor ability included the hand flexibility,flexibility,coordination,balance,agility and muscle strength.Results Among 120 children,47 cases(39.2%)had the attention deficit,36 cases(30.0%)had the hyperactivity/impulsiveness,30 cases(25.0%)had both attention deficit and hyperactivity/impulsivity.Fifty-one cases(42.5%)were in the borderline attention deficit,27 cases(22.5%)were moderate and 20 cases(16.7%)were severe.Sixty-three cases(52.5%)were in the borderline hyperactivity/impulsiveness,22 cases(18.3%)were moderate and 14 cases(11.7%)were severe.The scores of attention deficit and impulsivity/hyperactivity had no statistical difference between different sexes(P>0.05).Compared with the chidren with 4-<6 years old,the scores of attention deficit and impulsivity/hyperactivity in the children with 5-<6 years old were lower,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Compared with the borderline,moderate-to-severe attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,hyperactive/impulsive children,the hand flexibility,coordination,balance,sensitivity and muscle strength in normal children were more superior,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The incidence rate of hyperactive behaviors in preschoolers is high,and the motor ability of children with hyperactive behaviors is worse than normal children.