政策工具视角下我国医学科技成果转化政策文本分析

Text analysis of China′s medical science and technology achievement transformation policy from the perspective of policy tools

目的:为了解医学科技成果转化政策在应用中的状况,本文对搜集的相关政策文本进行类型、时间、发表部门的描述性统计分析,并在此基础上应用Howlett和Ramesh政策工具分类、政策发展双重维度构建政策文本X-Y二维分析框架,将政策分为强制性工具、自愿性工具、混合性工具3类,对医学科技成果转化政策文本进行量化,进而分析我国医学科技成果转化中得到的政策支持及成果转化中存在的政策阻碍,最后提出对策建议。方法:通过国务院、科技部官网搜集医学成果转化政策文本,结合相关文献资料,应用文献研究法、定量定性分析法等研究方法进行研究,对政策样本进行编码整理,并通过构建的X-Y二维分析框架进行二维分析,最终通过定量定性结合的方法对文本进行分析。结果:通过对编码数据分析发现,当前我国医学科技成果转化政策强制性工具占比较高,自愿性工具使用占比还有待进一步提升,各类政策工具使用并不均衡;各类政策工具内部结构也不一致,仍有改善的空间。结论:通过对我国医学科技成果转化政策应用结果的定性与定量分析,本文提出3方面的对策建议:首先,在强化政策实施阶段,需要更加细化政策工具的实施路径与方案,促进政策实现真正落实。其次,各类政策工具均衡发展,统筹协调政策制定与实施,强制性工具、混合性工具、自愿性工具均衡作用,在此基础上建立医学科技成果转化流程通畅的政策体系,提高政策效用。最后,完善医学机构内部导向评价机制,激励医疗机构和医务人员进行科技创新与成果转化工作。

Objective To understand the status of medical science and technology achievement transformation policies in application,this study conducted a descriptive statistical analysis of the collected relevant policy texts according to type,time,and publication sector.On this basis,the X-Y two-dimensional analysis framework of policy texts is constructed using the dual dimensions of Howlett and Ramesh′s policy tool classification and policy development to classify policies into 3 categories:mandatory tools,voluntary tools,and hybrid tools,and to quantify the policy texts on the transformation of medical science and technology achievements,analyze the policy support received in the transformation of medical science and technology achievements and the policy obstacles in the transformation of achievements in China.Finally,this study was aiming to propose targeted countermeasure suggestions.Methods The texts of medical achievement transformation policies were collected through the official websites of the State Council and the Ministry of Science and Technology,and combined with relevant literature.Research methods such as literature research method and quantitative and qualitative analysis method were applied to conduct the study.The policy samples were coded and organized,and two-dimensional analysis was conducted through the constructed X-Y two-dimensional analysis framework.The texts were quantitatively analyzed through a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods.Results The results of the analysis of the coded data revealed that the current mandatory tools of China′s medical science and technology achievement transformation policy account for a relatively high proportion,and the use of voluntary tools still needed to be further improved.The use of various policy tools was uneven.The internal structure of various policy tools was also uneven,and there was still room for improvement.Conclusions Through qualitative and quantitative analysis of the results of the application of medical science and technology achievement transformation policy in China,this paper puts forward 3 countermeasure suggestions:firstly,in the stage of policy strengthening and implementation,the implementation path and scheme of policy tools need to be refined so that the policy can realize implementation.Secondly,the balanced development of various policy tools,the coordination of policy formulation and implementation,the balanced role of mandatory tools,hybrid tools and voluntary tools,and the establishment of a smooth policy system for the transformation of medical science and technology results on this basis to improve the effectiveness of the policy.Thirdly,improve the internal orientation and evaluation mechanism of medical institutions to motivate medical institutions and medical personnel to carry out scientific and technological innovation and transformation work.