钾肥种类对马铃薯生长和镉吸收积累的影响

Effects of Different Potassium Fertilizers on Growth and Absorption and Accumulation of Mineral Elements and Cadmium in Potato

在冬闲稻田分别施用硫酸钾型复合肥、氯化钾型复合肥及其等量配比处理,研究对‘兴佳2号’和‘冀张薯12号’马铃薯生长、产量、品质及矿质元素、镉吸收的影响。结果表明,出苗后60 d两个品种硫酸钾处理的株高、茎粗、叶片SPAD值、生物量显著高于氯化钾处理,等量配比处理居中;硫酸钾处理植株硫、氮、磷含量最高,氯化钾处理含量最低;氯化钾处理植株氯、镉含量最高,硫酸钾处理含量最低。‘兴佳2号’和‘冀张薯12号’硫酸钾处理的产量最高,分别为31 442和30 512 kg·hm^(-2),其次为等量配比处理,氯化钾处理产量最低;钾肥种类显著影响块茎蛋白质、维生素C和镉含量,硫酸钾处理的蛋白质、维生素C含量最高,氯化钾处理最低,氯化钾处理块茎镉含量最高,硫酸钾处理最低。因此,与氯化钾相比,硫酸钾能促进植株对氮、磷的吸收,降低镉的吸收,促进植株生长,增加块茎产量,提高块茎品质。

The effects of potassium sulfate-type compound fertilizer(K_(2)SO_(4)),potassium chloride-type compound fertilizer(KCl)and the same amount of different forms of potassium fertilizer(K_(2)SO_(4)+KCl)on the growth,yield,quality,absorption of mineral elements and cadmium of two potato varieties‘Xingjia 2’and‘Jizhangshu 12’were studied in winter paddy fields.The results showed that at 60 days after emergence,plant heights,stem diameters,the leaf SPAD values and biomasses of K_(2)SO_(4) treatment were significantly higher than those of KCl treatment,and those of K_(2)SO_(4)+KCl treatment were between the two treatments.The contents of sulfur,nitrogen and phosphorus in the plants of K_(2)SO_(4) treatment were the highest,while the contents of KCl treatment were the lowest.The content of chlorine and cadmium in plants treated with KCl was the highest,and that of K_(2)SO_(4) treatment was the lowest.‘Xingjia 2’and‘Jizhangshu 12’of K_(2)SO_(4) treatment had the highest yields,which were 31442 kg·hm^(-2) and 30512 kg·hm^(-2) respectively,and followed by K_(2)SO_(4)+KCl treatment,and the KCl treatment had the lowest yields.The contents of protein,vitamin C and cadmium in tubers were significantly affected by the types of potassium fertilizers.The contents of protein and vitamin C of K_(2)SO_(4) treatment were the highest,and those of KCl treatment were the lowest.However,the contents of cadmium in the tubers of KCl treatment were the highest,and those of K_(2)SO_(4) treatment were the lowest.Therefore,compared with the KCl,and the K_(2)SO_(4) can promote the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by plants,reduces the absorption of cadmium,promotes plant growth,increases tuber yield,and improves tuber quality.