网约车合乘与地铁联运出行特征识别与节油估算

Feature Identification and Fuel-Saving Estimation for Multimodal Travel of Online Car-Hailing Ride-Sharing and Subway

网约车合乘与地铁联运出行,不仅可以实现两种交通方式在服务功能上的优势互补,还可以放大共享出行的节能减排效益。基于滴滴出行网约车移动出行平台中北京市域拼车和顺风车运营数据以及北京地铁AFC刷卡数据,深入分析网约车合乘与地铁的竞合关系。利用非负矩阵分解算法进行延伸型通勤出行链的识别,提出考虑燃油经济性指标和车辆运行状态的通勤出行链节油估算模型。将该方法应用于北京市,发现拼车多为地铁竞争型和地铁延伸型订单,而顺风车多为地铁延伸型订单;延伸型通勤出行链主要为郊区通勤者提供地铁接驳服务。顺风车出行明显比拼车出行更加节油;“网约车合乘+地铁”通勤出行链主要来自郊区无地铁覆盖区域,该模式的平均节油率能够达到50%以上;“顺风车+地铁”出行链的节油效益好于“拼车+地铁”出行链。指出管理者应采取费用补贴、停车优惠等政策措施,鼓励“网约车合乘+地铁”通勤出行方式发展,使绿色高效的一体化出行服务惠及更多城市居民。

The combination of online car-hailing ride-sharing services and subway can not only achieve complementary advantages of two travel modes in terms of service functions but can also amplify the ener-gy-saving and emission-reducing benefits of shared mobility.Based on the operational data of carpooling and hitchhiking services within the Didi Chuxing ride-sharing platform in Beijing and the automatic fare collection(AFC)system of Beijing Subway,this paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of the competi-tive and cooperative relationship between ride-sharing services and the rail transit.Employing the non-neg-ative matrix factorization algorithm,the paper identifies the extension commuting chain and develops a fu-el-saving estimation model considering factors such as fuel economy index and vehicle operating condi-tions.Applying this method to Beijing,the paper reveals that most car-sharing orders involve competition and extension with subway.Conversely,ride-sharing orders primarily extend the reach of subway,with the extension commuting chain predominantly serving suburban commuters by offering subway connection services.Notably,hitchhiking proves to be more fuel-efficient than ride-sharing.The commuting chain that combines“online car-hailing ride-sharing+subway”primarily originates from suburban areas without sub-way coverage,with an average fuel-saving rate surpassing 50%.Furthermore,the travel chain of“hitch-hiking+subway”demonstrates superior fuel-saving benefits compared to the travel chain combining“ride-sharing+subway”.It is suggested that managers should adopt policy measures such as expense allowanc-es and parking discounts to encourage the development of the“online car-hailing ride-sharing+subway”commuting travel mode.Such measures will enable more urban residents to benefit from green and effi-cient integrated mobility services.