荧光探针在灵敏表征高分子材料老化中的研究进展

Application of Fluorescent Probes in Sensitively Detecting the Aging of Polymers:A Review

目前高分子材料早期老化或轻微老化的检测和监测面临诸多难题,最迫切的需要是发展灵敏且高效的表征方法。荧光探针技术作为一种成功应用于生物医学、环境科学和材料科学等多个领域非常灵敏的分析技术,其低检出限、强直观性的优点预示出它表征早期老化的潜力。高分子材料老化过程中往往会产生自由基物种以及羟基、羧基等基团,环境应力、湿度和基体极性等性质也会发生改变,这为荧光探针的刺激响应行为提供了用武之地。本综述简述了多种荧光探针的发展历史,讨论了靶向前述材料变化的荧光探针的本质机理,结合材料老化阐述了化学响应荧光探针和微环境响应荧光探针的典型应用以及部分探针的合成方法,最后对荧光探针技术存在的科学问题与应用挑战等方面进行了系统梳理,希望对广大同行的研究工作有所裨益。

At present,the detection and monitoring of early aging or slight aging of polymer materials are faced with many difficulties,of which the most urgent need is to develop sensitive and efficient characterization methods.As a very sensitive analytical technology successfully applied in biomedical,environmental science,material science and other fields,fluorescent probe technology has the advantages of low detection limit and strong visibility,which indicates its potential to characterize the early aging of polymers.During the aging process of polymer materials,free radical species,hydroxyl,carboxyl and other groups will often be produced,and the environmental stress,humidity,matrix polarity and other properties will also change,which provides a useful place for the stimulus response behavior of fluorescent probes.In this review,the development history of various fluorescent probes is briefly described,the essential mechanisms of fluorescent probes that label the changes in the aforementioned materials are discussed,the typical applications of fluorescence probes for chemical and microenvironment response are expatiated and the synthesis methods of some probes are exhibited.Finally,the scientific problems and application challenges of fluorescence probe technology are systematically summarized,hoping to be beneficial to the research work of the majority of peers.