秸秆带状覆盖对旱地冬小麦干物质积累分配及转运的影响

Effects of Straw Strip Mulching on Dry Matter Accumulation,Distribution and Transportation of Winter Wheat in Dryland

为筛选适合西北旱作区冬小麦的秸秆带状覆盖种植模式,在播量均为225 kg·hm^(-2)条件下,设置露地条播(CK)和3种秸秆带状覆盖(SM)种植模式(分别用SM4、SM5和SM6表示,种植带分别种植4、5和6行小麦),比较不同秸秆带状覆盖种植模式下冬小麦干物质积累、分配与转运及产量的差异。结果表明,与CK相比,秸秆带状覆盖显著提高了冬小麦开花前干物质积累量,增幅为17.8%~26.0%,且表现为SM5>SM6>SM4;促进了开花期和成熟期干物质在叶片和颖壳+穗轴中的分配,其中SM5的增幅均最大(开花期分别为15.8%和27.8%;成熟期分别为34.0%和40.0%)。同时,秸秆带状覆盖显著促进了开花前叶、茎鞘和颖壳+穗轴的干物质转运,并使花前干物质积累对籽粒产量的贡献率增加14.3~16.3个百分点,且增幅表现为SM4>SM6>SM5。秸秆带状覆盖下小麦籽粒产量较CK增加了3.8%~7.3%,产量增幅表现为SM5>SM4>SM6。由此可见,秸秆带状覆盖种植能促进西北旱作区冬小麦干物质的积累和产量形成,在本试验条件下以SM5模式表现最好。

In order to select the suitable straw strip mulch planting pattern for winter wheat in the dry area of Northwestern China,under the condition of sowing amount of 225 kg·hm^(-2),the open field(CK)and three straw strip mulching(SM)planting patterns(denoted by SM4,SM5 and SM6,with 4,5 and 6 rows of wheat planted in the planting belt)were set up,to compare the effects of different mulching planting modes on dry matter accumulation,distribution,and transportation,and yield of winter wheat.The results showed that straw strip mulching significantly increased the dry matter accumulation of winter wheat before anthesis by 17.8%—26.0%compared with CK,and the increase rate ranked as SM5>SM6>SM4.SM increased the distribution of dry matter in leaves and glumes+spikes at anthesis and maturity,and SM5 treatment increased the most among different strip planting modes(15.8%and 27.8%at flowering and 34.0% and 40.0%at maturity,respectively).SM significantly improved the dry matter transportation of leaves,stem sheaths and glumes+spikes before anthesis,and increased the contribution rate of dry matter accumulation before anthesis to grains by 14.3-16.3 percentage points,with the increasing rate ranking as SM4>SM6>SM5 in different modes.In addition,with the increase of dry matter accumulation and transportation of straw strip mulching,the grain yield was also significantly increased by 3.8%-7.3%compared with that of CK,and the increase rate in different models ranked as SM5>SM4>SM6.In conclusion,straw strip mulching can promote dry matter accumulation and yield formation of winter wheat in the dry farming area of Northwestern China,and SM5 mode has the best performance under this experimental condition.