重视儿童麻醉苏醒期谵妄的识别、预防和处理

Pay attention to the diagnosis,prevention and treatment of pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium

儿童麻醉苏醒期谵妄(ED)发生率高,潜在危害大,可通过儿童麻醉苏醒期谵妄量表(PAED)进行诊断。儿童麻醉ED的危险因素包括患儿因素、手术因素和麻醉因素。通过有效缓解术前焦虑、优化麻醉方案、提供良好术后镇痛等措施,可有效降低儿童麻醉ED发生率。采用α2受体激动剂(如右美托咪定)、阿片类药物(如芬太尼)、丙泊酚和氯胺酮等,可有效预防和处理儿童麻醉ED。

The incidence of pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium(ED)is high,and the poten‑tial harm is significant.It can be diagnosed through the pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium scale(PAED).The risk factors of pediatric anesthesia ED include personal,surgical,and anesthetic factors.The anesthesia ED in children can be effectively prevented by relieving preoperative anxiety,optimizing anesthetic strategies,and providing effective postoperative analgesia.Alpha 2 agonists(eg.dexmedetomidine),opioids(eg.fentanyl),propofol,and ketamine have both preventive and therapeutic effects on anesthesia ED in children.