晚清武举制度废止的历史背景、演变历程及根本原因

Historical Background,Evolution and Causes of Abolishment of Martial Arts System in Late Qing Dynasty

运用文献资料法和逻辑分析法等方法,梳理和分析了晚清特定历史背景下武举制度废止的历程与原因。研究认为,继鸦片战争以来,随着热兵器的发展日新月异,冷兵器为主的武举制度愈显落伍,加之新式学堂教育的兴起,对武举制度所依赖的根基产生巨大冲击,各界要求武举制度变革的呼声日益高涨。由魏源、冯桂芬等人率先提出废止武举制度,虽经改良派和革命派多年存废之争,但最终因武举制度的异化、功能的丧失、变革的失败等原因难逃被废止的厄运。

Through literature and logic analysis,this paper studied the reasons of the abolishment of the martial arts system under the specific historical background of the late Qing Dynasty.It was believed that since the Opium War,with the rapid development of hot weapons,the cold weapons-based martial arts system became more and more outdated.Coupled with the rise of new school education,there was a huge impact on the foundation on which the martial arts system depended,calling for the reform of the martial arts system from all walks of life.Wei Yuan,Feng Guifen and other people took the lead in proposing the abolition of the martial arts system.Although the reformists and revolutionaries fought over its existence and abolition for many years,the abolition of the martial arts system was inevitable due to the alienation,the loss of function and the failure of reform.