美国冬季运动项目国家队队员选拔方式、特点与启示——以北京2022年冬奥会为例

Method,Characteristics and Enlightenment of Athlete Selection of Team USA in Winter Sports:Taking Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics as an Example

采用文献资料法对美国冬季运动项目国家队队员选拔方式进行分析,发现:美国冬季运动项目国家队队员的选拔方式主要分为两大类,即基于刚性标准的“以往战绩”“运动员排名”“选拔赛成绩”等选拔方式和基于柔性标准的“组建训练营”“自主选拔”等选拔方式;在队员选拔中充分考量各选拔方式的优缺点和各项目的特点,在优中选优、积极营造公开透明选拔环境的同时兼顾运动员的合法权益与合理诉求。结合实际提出对我国的启示:在国家队队员选拔中减少主观因素的影响,基于运动项目的实际情况,在兼顾选拔过程人性化的同时建立健全选拔工作监管机制。

Literature method was used to analyze the athlete selection methods of Team USA in winter sports.It is found that the selection methods are mainly divided into two categories:the objective selection based on the standards of "previous performance","ranking" and "the performance in trials";and the subjective methods in terms of "grouping camp of training" and "autonomous selection".In the application of selection methods,both the advantages and disadvantages of each selection,plus the sports features,are taken into consideration,which optimizes the selection methods in an open and transparent environment while considering the rights and appeals of athletes as well.The athlete selection of national team in China,therefore,should reduce the subjective factors as possible as it can.In addition,a complete human-oriented mechanism for selection supervision should be established.