重度免疫检查点抑制剂相关的结肠炎:附1例死亡病例

A case report:death due to severe immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis

免疫检查点抑制剂相关结肠炎为最常见免疫治疗相关不良反应之一,主要临床表现为腹泻。免疫检查点抑制剂相关结肠炎内镜表现为红斑(93.5%)、脆性(58.6%)、充血(48.2%)和溃疡(37.9%),超98%免疫检查点抑制剂相关结肠炎可累及远端结肠。本文报道1例重度免疫检查点抑制剂相关结肠炎死亡病例,主要临床表现为腹痛、腹泻,内镜可见黏膜粗糙、水肿,血管纹理消失,既往免疫检查点抑制剂应用病史。经一线激素及二线英夫利昔单抗治疗,患者虽内镜表现好转,但相继出现血小板减低、消化道大出血、心肌损伤等免疫治疗相关不良反应。重度免疫检查点抑制剂相关结肠炎死亡病例临床罕见,本例患者肠道免疫治疗相关不良反应应用激素及英夫利西单抗肠道疗效可,但依然未能逆转患者病程进展,相继发生其余器官免疫治疗相关不良反应最终导致临床死亡。免疫治疗相关不良反应诊治仍需更多临床探索。

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis is one of the most common immune-related adverse events,which clinical feature is diarrhea.The endoscopic feature of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis are erythema(93.5%),brittleness(58.6%),congestion(48.2%)and ulcer(37.9%).More than 98%of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis could affect the rectum.Here we report a case of death due to severe immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis.The main clinical manifestations of the patient were abdominal pain and diarrhea.The endoscopy showed that the mucosa was rough and edematous,and the vascular texture disappeared.The patient had previously received immune checkpoint inhibitor.After treatment with glucocorticoid and infliximab,although the endoscopic performance of the patient improved,thrombocytopenia,massive gastrointestinal bleeding and myocardial damage occurred.Death due to severe immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis are rare in clinical practice.In this case,glucocorticoid and infliximab were effective,but they still failed to reverse the progress of the patient,resulting in clinical death.The diagnosis and treatment of immune-related adverse events needs more clinical exploration.