石油钻机钻井中钻杆粘滑振动的建模和控制方法

Modeling and Control Method of Stick-slip Vibration of Drill Pipe in Oil Drilling Rig

石油钻机钻井作业过程中,由于强烈扭矩振动和井下摩阻所引起的钻杆粘滑振动现象不仅对作业效率有影响,还会带来钻杆钻头损伤问题,由此提出一种钻杆粘滑振动的建模及控制方法。将钻杆划分为较小扭矩部分,对整个系统进行动态建模,通过扭矩模型和粘滑振动模型关联分析,为了减少控制过程的粘滑振动,提出转速控制、钻头重量控制和钻杆底部阻尼控制三部分,当钻杆长度划分为受力部分时,利用数学模型使得每种控制策略均对部分分析适用,而钻头重量控制与钻杆底部阻尼控制则采用两种控制方案。实验表明,该方法对底层钻井参数的控制要比表面参数控制更有效,可提高钻井作业效率、降低作业成本。

During the drilling operation of oil drilling rig,the stick-slip vibration of drill pipe caused by strong torque vibration and downhole friction not only affects the operation efficiency,but also causes the damage of drill pipe bit.A modeling and control method of stick-slip vibration of drill pipe is proposed.The drill pipe is divided into a smaller torque part,and the whole system is dynamically modeled.Through the correlation analysis of the torque model and the stick-slip vibration model,in order to reduce the stick-slip vibration of the control process,three parts of speed control,bit weight control and drill pipe bottom damping control are proposed.When the length of the drill pipe is divided into the force part,the mathematical model is used to make each control strategy applicable to the partial analysis,while the bit weight control and the drill pipe bottom damping control adopt two control schemes.Experiments show that the control of bottom drilling parameters is more effective than the control of surface parameters,which can improve the efficiency of drilling operations and reduce operating costs.