中国倡导“新时代航行自由观”的价值、内涵与路径

China’s“Outlook on the Freedom of Navigation in the New Era”:Value,Connotations,and Approach

航行自由是全球海洋秩序的核心内容,美国为维持世界霸权,宣扬“海洋航行自由”论并付诸行动。这种单方面曲解海洋法规则尤其是歪曲航行自由制度的主张和行为严重威胁海上安全和海洋秩序,引发国家间海上活动争议和冲突。中国应倡导“开放包容、安全畅通”“和而不同”“和平、合作、和谐”等具有航行自由特质和中国文化元素及时代要素的航行自由观,这是协调各国立场和权益、兼顾自身经验和时代特点的中国方案。在“百年未有之大变局”下,中国倡导的这种航行自由观,不仅开启海洋法规则体系完善进程,成为与西方强国在国际法规则、航行自由解释话语权方面进行斗争的重要标志,也符合构建“海洋命运共同体”的理念和目标。在全球海洋治理面临挑战和变革的背景下,中国提出“新时代航行自由观”,既可为海洋治理贡献中国智慧和中国力量,也可为推进“海洋命运共同体”的构建作出应有贡献。

The freedom of navigation is the foundational principle of the global maritime order.The United States,in order to maintain its hegemony,advocates the doctrine of“freedom of navigation in the sea”and puts it into action.Such proposition and action,which have distorted rules in the law of the sea especially the regime of freedom of navigation,threat maritime security and order and cause disputes and conflicts over ocean activities among countries.China advocates the outlook on the freedom of navigation with characteristics of freedom of navigation and Chinese cultural elements as well as factors of the era such as“openness and inclusiveness,security and smoothness,”“harmony in diversity,”“peace,cooperation and harmony,”which is a Chinese approach balancing stances and rights and interests of countries concerned and taking Chinese experiences and characteristics of the era into consideration.In“a world with changes unseen in a century,”such an outlook not only may help initiate the process of improving the rules in the law of the sea,become an important symbol that China is competing for discursive power on the interpretation of rules of international law including the freedom of navigation with western countries,but also complies with the concept and goal of establishing“a maritime community with a shared future.”Amid multiple challenges for global maritime governance,the“outlook on the freedom of navigation in the new era”put forward by China provides Chinese wisdom and strength for global governance and is a Chinese contribution to building“a maritime community with a shared future.”