马克思城市批判思想视域下我国城市治理现代化研究

Research on the modernization of urban governance in China from the perspective of Marx’s urban critical theory

党的二十大报告指出,要“推进以人为核心的新型城镇化,使广大人民享受高品质生活”。而马克思城市批判思想正是新时代中国特色社会主义城市发展及其治理的重要指导理论,为推进我国城市治理现代化,高质量实现城乡融合发展、开启中国式现代化建设新局面,提供了重要学理支撑。本文在总结与反思学界关于我国城市治理现代化最新研究成果的基础上,阐明城市治理现代化不仅是开启第二个百年新征程的应然要求,而且还是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的必然要求,这就使城市治理现代化成为全面建设社会主义现代化国家的应然选择。与此同时,回到马克思城市批判思想的原初语境,基于《资本论》《1844年经济学哲学手稿》《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》《德意志意识形态》等马克思主义经典文本,立足于马克思城市批判思想的历史唯物主义视域,审视其哲学意蕴,我们可以发现:无论是马克思通过对资本的历史性批判来激活对城市在现代社会发展中重要地位的认识,还是其通过对现代“市民社会”的批判来夯实探究城市发展一般规律及趋势的历史观基础,抑或是他通过对城市与人的发展的批判来确立促进城市发展与人的发展相统一的基本思路,实际上都是马克思城市批判思想为现代城市发展和我国城市治理现代化所提供的理论指导。在系统阐释马克思城市批判思想及其哲学意蕴的基础上,剖析其对推进当代我国城市治理现代化及其发展的实践路径,就要求我们不仅要将绿色城市作为当代新型城市建设的首要原则,坚持走城乡协调发展的新型城镇化建设道路,而且还要努力迈上“以人民为中心”的城市治理现代化轨道。概言之,中国特色社会主义进入新时代以来,人们对城市美好生活和宜居宜业环境的需求日益增长,人们对共享城市发展成果的渴望亦愈增强,这就迫切需要一种科学的城市批判思想来指导和推进当代中国城市现代化建设及其治理实践,以实现我国现代化强国目标,即实现第二个百年奋斗目标,而马克思城市批判思想正是解决这一问题的最优解。

The report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China said,“we will advance people-centered new urbanization.”Marx’s urban critical thought is an important guiding theory for the development and governance of socialist cities with Chinese characteristics in the new era.It provides important theoretical support for promoting the modernization of urban governance,realizing the integrated development of urban and rural areas with high quality and opening a new situation of modernization.On the basis of summarizing and reflecting on the latest research results of academic circles on China’s urban governance modernization,this paper expounds that urban governance modernization is not only the natural requirement of opening the second Centennial new journey,but also the inevitable requirement of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way,which makes urban governance modernization the natural choice of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way.At the same time,back to the original context of Marx’s urban critical thought,based on the classic Marxist texts such as Das Kapital,Manuscript of Economics and Philosophy in 1844,Theses on Feuerbach,Die Deutsche Ideologie,and on the perspective of historical materialism of Marx’s urban critical thought,this paper examines the philosophical meaning of Marx’s urban critical thought.We can find that Marx activated his understanding of the important position of cities in the development of modern society through his historical criticism of capital,consolidated the historical basis of exploring the general laws and trends of urban development through his criticism of modern“civil society”,and established the basic idea of promoting the unity of urban development and human development through his criticism of urban and human development.In fact,it is the theoretical guidance provided by Marx’s urban critical thought for modern urban development and China’s urban governance modernization.On the basis of systematically explaining the vision and philosophical implication of Marx’s urban critical thought,explaining its practical direction for promoting the modernization and development of urban governance in contemporary China,it requires us not only to take green city as the primary principle of contemporary new urban construction,but also to adhere to the new urbanization construction road of coordinated urban and rural development.Moreover,we should strive to embark on the track of“people-centered”urban governance modernization.In short,since socialism with Chinese characteristics entered the new era,people’s demand for a better urban life and a livable and professional environment has increased day by day,and people’s desire to share the fruits of urban development has also increased.Therefore,there is an urgent need for a scientific urban critical thought to guide and promote contemporary China’s urban modernization and its governance practice,so as to achieve the goal of building a modern and powerful country in China,that is to say,to achieve the second Centennial goal,and Marx’s urban critical thought is the best solution to this problem.