野生动物致害防御权相关立法缺憾与完善

Research on Legislative Defects and Improvement in the Field of Wildlife Damage Prevention

修改后的《野生动物保护法》对野生动物致害议题作出立法回应,赋予政府管理调控等“一般防御权”,赋予相关人员“个别防御权”,并对致害补偿问题初步作出原则规定,但与此同时也尚存立法缺憾,表现为对“事先防御”“防御挑拨”等权利误用滥用问题缺乏立法规制,没能表达对重大财产损失议题以及对于面临野生动物致害威胁和受损失者心理与行为机制的充分关切,补偿主体存在一定模糊性,补偿标准笼统,经费来源单调,未直接明确政府相关行为的性质和诉讼等问题,从而可能影响野生动物保护工作实效和相关群众认可支持度,甚至导致“人与动物矛盾”激化等问题,因而存在进一步立法完善空间。

The revised Wildlife Conservation Law provides a legislative response to the issue of harm caused by wild animals,endowing the government with“general defense power”such as management and regulation,granting relevant personnel“individual defense rights”,and proposing preliminary principles for compensation for harm.However,at the same time,there are still legislative defects,manifested as a lack of legislative regulation on the misuse and abuse of rights such as“prior defense”and“defense provocation”,failing to express sufficient concern for the issue of significant property losses and the psychological and behavioral mechanisms of victims,resulting in a certain degree of ambiguity in compensation subjects,vague compensation standards,monotonous funding sources,and failing to directly clarify the nature and litigation of government-related actions,which may affect the effectiveness of wildlife protection work and the recognition and support of the relevant public,and even lead to the intensification of“human animal conflicts”and other issues.Therefore there is room for further legislative improvement.