2013—2022年四川省剑阁县流感样病例流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of influenza-like cases in Jian’ge Countyof Sichuan Province from 2013 to 2022

目的 分析剑阁县流感流行病学特征,为流感防控提供理论依据和指导意见。方法 数据来源于“中国传染病信息监测系统”2013—2022年的剑阁县流感样病例报告数据,采用Excel 2021和SPSS 25.0软件对数据进行统计,对疫情概况、流感样病例的时间、年龄、性别、职业分布等作了描述性分析,组间比较采用χ2检验,检验水准α=0.05。结果 2013—2022年剑阁县共报告流感样病例1 286例,年均发病率为19.43/10万;2013—2022年流感样病例会有1~2个高峰期,集中在每年9月到次年4月;2013—2022年剑阁县流感样病例总数最高的年龄组为0~4岁年龄组(32.19%),其次为5~14岁年龄组(31.88%);2013—2022年剑阁县流感样病例主要为学生(25.43%)、幼托儿童(17.57%)、散居儿童(17.42%)和农民(15.32%);2013—2022年剑阁县共报告4起流感聚集性疫情,均发生在中、小学校。结论 2013—2022年剑阁县流感疫情主要发生在9月至次年4月,儿童青少年、农民中发病人数较多,应加强这个时间段的疫情监测工作,加强对托幼机构、学校、农村的卫生管理和对目标人群的健康教育,加强一系列防控手段,提高疫苗接种率,以助于有效地防控流感疫情。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Jian’ge County,and to provide theoretical basis and guidance for influenza prevention and control.Methods The reported data of influenza-like cases of Jian’ge County from 2013 to 2022 were derived from the China Infectious Disease Information Surveillance System.Excel 2021 and SPSS 25 were used to analyze the data,and a descriptive analysis was conducted of the epidemic situation,the time,age,sex and occupation distribution of influenza-like cases.Chi-square test was used for comparison between groups,and the test level wasα=0.05.Results A total of 1286 cases of influenza like illness(ILI)were reported in Jian’ge County from 2013 to 2022,with an average annual incidence of 19.43/105.There would be one or two peaks of ILI cases from 2013 to 2022,mainly from September and the following April.The age group with the highest number of ILI cases in Jian’ge County from 2013 to 2022 was 0-4 years old age group(32.19%),followed by 5-14 years old age group (31.88%) . From 2013 to 2022, ILI cases in Jian’ge County weremainly students (25.43%), children in nursery care (17.57%), scattered children (17.42%) andfarmers (15.32%) . A total of four influenza clusters were reported in Jian’ge County from 2013 to2022,all of which occurred in primary and middle schools. Conclusions From 2013 to 2022,theinfluenza epidemic in Jian’ge County mainly occurred from September to April of the next year,with a large number of children, adolescents and farmers suffering from the disease. Therefore,epidemic surveillance should be strengthened during this period,and health management of nursinginstitutions,schools and rural areas,and health education for target populations should be strengthened.A series of prevention and control measures should be strengthened,and the vaccination rate shouldbe increased in order to ensure effective prevention and control of influenza epidemic.