2011—2021年南充市学生肺结核流行特征分析

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis among students in Nanchong City from 2011 to 2021

目的了解南充市2011—2021年学生肺结核的流行特征,为进一步完善南充市学校结核病防控策略提供科学依据。方法通过描述流行病学方法分析2011—2021年南充市报告和登记的学生肺结核三间分布和就诊延迟情况,率的比较采用卡方检验,检验水准α=0.05。结果2011—2021年南充市学生肺结核报告发病率总体呈上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)趋势=43.459,P<0.001)。每月均有学生肺结核报告,主要集中在3月和4月,分别占患者总数的14.62%(403/2757)、10.81%(298/2757)。累计报告男生1592例,女生1165例,男女性别比为1.37∶1,报告发病率分别为37.62/10万和15.91/10万,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=529.693,P<0.001)。报告年龄以15~19岁年龄组为主,占报告总数的67.83%,其次为20~24岁(15.92%)和10~14岁(14.22%)。该市9个县(市、区)均报告了学生肺结核患者,报告发病数居前3位的为南部县(24.59%)、仪陇县(17.01%)、顺庆区(12.04%)。报告发病数增加最多的是仪陇县。登记的学生肺结核患者就诊延迟率56.82%(1429/2515)。不同学段和发现方式的学生肺结核患者就诊延迟率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)学段=14.026,P学段<0.001,χ^(2)发现方式=86.865,P发现方式<0.001)。结论南充市学生肺结核疫情仍然较重,学校结核病防控工作仍然艰巨,建议进一步加强学校结核病防控相关工作,阻断肺结核在校园内传播。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB)among students in Nanchong City from 2011 to 2021,and to provide scientific basis for further improving the prevention and control strategy of TB in schools in Nanchong City.Methods The three spatial distribution of PTB among students in Nanchong City from 2011 to 2021 and the delay of treatment were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method.Chi-square test was used to compare rates,and the test level wasα=0.05.Results The reported incidence rate of PTB among students in Nanchong City from 2011 to 2021 showed an overall upward trend,with a statistically significant difference(χ^(2) trend=43.459,P<0.001).Student cases with PTB were reported every month,mainly in March and April,accounting for 14.62%(403/2757)and 10.81%(298/2757)of the total number of patients,respectively.There were 1592 cases of boys and 1165 cases of girls,with a sex ratio of 1.37∶1.The reported incidence rates of boys and girls were 37.62/105 and 15.91/105,respectively,with a statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=529.693,P<0.001).The main age group of reported cases was 15-19 years old,accounting for 67.83%of the total number of cases,followed by 20-24 years old(15.92%)and 10-14 years old(14.22%).Nine counties/cities/districts reported students with PTB.Nanbu County(24.59%),Yilong County(17.01%)and Shunqing District(12.04%)ranked the top three counties/cities/districts in the number of reported cases.The largest increase in the number of cases was reported in Yilong County.The delay rate of registered students with PTB was 56.82%(1429/2515).There were statistically significant differences in the visit delay rate among students with PTB in different academic periods and ways of discovery(χ^(2) academic period=14.062,Pacademic period<0.001;χ^(2) discovery method=86.865,Pdiscovery method<0.001).Conclusions The epidemic situation of PTB among students in Nanchong City is still serious,and the prevention and control of TB in schools is still arduous.It is suggested to further strengthen the related work of TB prevention and control in schools to stop the spread of PTB in schools.