2017—2021年南充市顺庆区7~9岁儿童第一恒磨牙萌出及患龋情况调查

Tooth eruption and caries status of first permanent molar in 7-9-year-old children in Shunqing District of Nanchong City from 2017 to 2021

目的了解南充市顺庆区2017—2021年7~9岁儿童的第一恒磨牙萌出及患龋情况,为儿童龋病防治及口腔卫生保健提供依据。方法采取随机整群抽样的方法,2017—2021年每年随机抽取南充市顺庆区的7~9岁儿童,调查第一恒磨牙的患龋及萌出情况,采用SPSS 23.0统计学软件进行Wilcoxon秩和检验及χ^(2)检验,以分析患龋率与年龄、性别及牙位之间的关系,检验水准α=0.05。结果2017—2021年共计调查6955名7~9岁儿童,其第一恒磨牙萌出率为94.2%,患龋率为25%,龋失补牙数为0(0,1)颗;因龋充填的儿童共72人,充填率为4.1%;接受窝沟封闭的儿童共110人,窝沟封闭率为1.6%。2017—2021年的患龋率及充填率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)分别为16.618,15.18,P均<0.001)。随着年龄的增加,第一恒磨牙患龋率上升,7岁、8岁和9岁分别为17.9%、27.3%和32.3%,3个年龄段间差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=99.457,P<0.001)。女生牙齿萌出率、患龋率、龋均高于男生,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)分别为5.207,58.894,Z值为-6.796,P<0.001)。患龋率最高的牙位为下颌第一恒磨牙,占总数的63.2%。结论2017—2021年间,南充市顺庆区7~9岁学龄儿童第一恒磨牙患龋率较高,充填率低,第一恒磨牙初萌时需密切关注其龋坏情况,定期检查并及时采取窝沟封闭等预防性措施。

Objective To investigate the eruption and caries status of the first permanent molars in 7-9-year-old children in Shunqing District of Nanchong City from 2017 to 2021,to provide evidence for the prevention and oral health care of caries in children.Methods By using a random cluster sampling method,children aged 7-9 years in Shunqing District of Nanchong City were randomly selected from 2017 to 2021 to investigate the prevalence rate of eruption and caries of the first permanent molars.Wilcoxon rank sum tests and Chi-square testes were used to analyze the relationship between prevalence rate of caries and age,gender and tooth position by using SPSS 23.0.The significance level was considered asα=0.05.Results A total of 6955 children aged 7-9 years were investigated.The eruption rate of the first permanent molars was 94.2%,the prevalence rate of caries was 25%,and the mean number of decayed-missing-filled tooth(DMFT)was 0(0,1).There were 72 children with caries filling,and the filling rate was 4.1%.A total of 110 children received pit and fissure sealant,and the rate of pit and fissure sealant was 1.6%.There was significant difference in the prevalence rate of caries and filling between 2017 and 2021(χ^(2)=16.618,and 15.18,P<0.001).With the increase of age,the prevalence rate of caries increased;the prevalence rates of caries in children aged 7,8 and 9 years were 17.9%,27.3%and 32.3%,respectively.There was a significant difference in the prevalence rate of caries among the three age groups(χ^(2)=99.457,P<0.001).The dental eruption rate,prevalence rate of caries and the mean DMFT of girls were higher than those of boys(χ^(2)=5.207 and 58.894,Z=-6.796,all P<0.001).The prevalence rate of caries of mandibular first permanent molars was the highest,accounting for 63.2%of the total.Conclusions From 2017 to 2021,the prevalence rate of caries of the first permanent molars of children aged 7-9 years in Shunqing District of Nanchong City was high and the filling rate was low.When the first permanent molar erupts,it is necessary to pay close attention to its caries,check regularly and take preventive measures such as pit and fissure sealant in time.