2011—2021年上海市嘉定区新生儿低出生体重变化趋势及相关因素分析

Trend and influencing factors of low birth weight in Jiadingg District of Shanghai from 2011 to 2021

目的分析2011—2021年上海市嘉定区新生儿低出生体重的变化趋势及相关因素,为控制低出生体重儿发生提供参考。方法收集整理2011—2021年上海市嘉定区出生监测数据,采用Joinpoint软件计算低出生体重儿发生率的年平均变化百分率(AAPC);采用Logistic回归分析低出生体重的影响因素,检验水准α=0.05。结果2011—2021年上海市嘉定区低出生体重儿总体发生率为3.45%。Joinpoint趋势检验表明,低出生体重儿发生呈上升趋势(AAPC=1.8,95%CI:0.7~3.0),尤其在2017—2021年明显增加(APC=3.9,95%CI:0.8~7.0)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,女婴(OR=1.449,95%CI:1.338~1.568)、胎龄<37周(OR=77.631,95%CI:71.665~84.093)、第1产(OR=1.474,95%CI:1.339~1.623)、母亲<20岁和≥35岁(OR<20岁=1.266,95%CI:1.046~1.533,OR≥35岁=1.197,95%CI:1.033~1.387)、初中及以下学历(OR=1.242,95%CI:1.091~1.415)是单胎新生儿发生低出生体重的危险因素。结论上海市嘉定区新生儿低出生体重发生率呈上升趋势,尤其在2017年后更为明显。为此应加强低出生体重预防,特别是高龄、初产和文化程度低的产妇应予重点关注。

Objective To analyze the trend and influencing factors of low birth weight in Jiading District of Shanghai from 2011 to 2021,so as to provide reference for controlling low birth weight.Methods Birth surveillance data of Jiading District of Shanghai from 2011 to 2021 were collected.Annual average percentage change(AAPC)of the incidence of low birth weighwt ere calculated by using Joinpoint software.Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of low birth weight.Results The overall incidence of low birth weight was 3.45%in Jiading District of Shanghai from 20111 to 2021.Joinpoint trend test showed that the incidence of low birth weight had an upward trend(AAPC=1.8,95%CI:0.7-3.0),especially from 20177to 2021(APC=3.9,95%CI:0.8-7.0).Logistic regression analysis showed that female infants(OR=1.449,95%Cl:1.338-1.568),premature birth(OR=77.631,95%CI:71.665-84.093),first parity(OR=1.474,95%CI:1.339-1.623),mothers aged 20 years or younger(OR=1.266,95%CI:1.046-1.533)and 35 years or older(OR=1.197,95%CI:1.033-1.387),junior high school education or below(OR=1.242,95%CI:1.091-1.415)were associated with increased risk of low birth weight in singleton infants.Conclusions The incidence of low birth weight was on the rise in Jiading District of Shanghai,especially after 2017 when the birth policywascontinuously liberalized.Therefore,the prevention of low birth weight should be strengthened,especially for elderly women,primiparas and low education level.