油茶果实发育成熟过程中果皮黄酮物质含量的变化规律

Changes of flavonoids during the development and maturation of Camellia oleifera peel

【目的】为油茶果实黄酮物质的开发利用提供数据支持,也为油茶品质改良和果实品质评价提供理论参考。【方法】以油茶品种‘华硕’‘华金’‘湘林210’的10年生植株的果实为供试材料,采用超声辅助提取法提取果皮黄酮,采用高效液相色谱法测定其整个生长发育时期果皮的黄酮含量,并探讨黄酮含量与果实成熟度的关系。【结果】3个油茶品种‘华硕’‘华金’‘湘林210’果皮黄酮含量在果实发育过程中均呈现初期动态平衡,整体下降,后期逐渐上升的趋势,但是3个品种下降到最低值的时期各不相同,其中‘华硕’‘华金’最早,在授粉后300 d时到达最低值,之后果皮中黄酮含量逐渐上升,‘湘林210’紧随其后,在授粉后330 d时果皮中黄酮含量达到最低值。其次,在授粉后277 d之前,3个品种果皮中黄酮的含量相差较大,授粉后245 d时‘华金’果皮中黄酮含量最高。在授粉后350 d时‘华硕’果皮中黄酮含量显著高于其他2个品种,‘华金’和‘湘林210’果皮中黄酮含量的差异均不显著,说明这2个油茶品种成熟后果皮中黄酮的含量相似。在整个生长发育过程中,‘华硕’油茶果皮黄酮含量均显著高于其油茶籽中黄酮含量。在油茶果实整个生长发育阶段,随着果实的成熟度增加,油茶果皮中黄酮含量大体呈现“急降、缓降、缓升、急升”的动态变化,油茶籽中黄酮含量呈现“先上升、后下降”的趋势。【结论】不同油茶品种果皮中黄酮含量在整个生长发育时期呈现的变化趋势较为类似,初期黄酮含量均较高,随着油茶果实成熟度的增加,油茶果皮中的黄酮物质含量逐渐降低,在果实发育中期到达最小值,随后果皮中黄酮的含量不断上升,直至油茶果实成熟。在同一品种中,油茶果皮黄酮含量均显著高于油茶籽黄酮含量。

【Objective】These results will provide data support for the development and utilization of flavonoids from Camellia oleifera,and provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of C.oleifera quality.【Method】Three varieties of 10-year-old C.oleifera varieties(‘Huashuo’,‘Huajin’and‘Xianglin 210’)were selected to determine the content of flavonoids in pericarp and fruit during the whole growth and development period by ultrasound assisted extraction and HPLC,and the relationship between the content of flavonoids and the maturity of the fruits was investigated.【Result】The contents of flavonoids in the pericarp of three cultivars of C.oleifera showed a trend of initial dynamic equilibrium,then decrease,but gradual increase in the later stage(P<0.05).At 300 days after pollination,the content of flavonoids in pericarp reached the lowest value in‘Huashuo’and‘Huajin’,followed by‘Xianglin 210’(330 d).Furthermore,before 277 d,the content of flavanoids in pericarp of these three varieties varied greatly,and the flavonoid content in the peel of 245 d‘Huajin’was the highest.However,the content of flavonoids in the peel of‘Huashuo’was significantly higher than those of the other two varieties at 350 d(P<0.05)and the contents of flavonoids in the pericarp were similar in‘Huajin’and‘Xianglin 210’(P>0.05).In addition,flavonoids were significantly abundant in the pericarp other than in the seeds of the same C.oleifera fruit and the accumulation trends in these two parts were obverse.【Conclusion】The content of flavonoids in the pericarp of different C.oleifera varieties showed a similar change trend during the development period,the content of flavonoids was high in the early stage.With the increase of fruit maturity,the content of flavonoids in the pericarp of C.oleifera fruit gradually decreased,reaching the minimum in the middle stage of fruit development,and then the content of flavonoids in the pericarp increased continuously until the fruit was mature,and pericarp contained significantly abundant flavonoid than seeds in the same C.oleifera fruit.