四川省生物防火隔离带树种选择

Study on Tree Species Selection of Biological Fire Barrier in Sichuan Province

【目的】针对目前四川省森林火灾高风险地区生物防火隔离带建设面临的树种选择难、防火效能低等问题开展研究,综合评价17个主要树种的防火性能,以期为高质量建设生物防火隔离带提供科技支撑。【方法】在野外实地调查的基础上,对四川省17个主要树种叶片样本的燃烧性能及其组成成分进行了测定,对各树种的生物学、生态学、造林学特性进行了分析评价和等级划分,采用层次分析法对各树种的防火性能进行综合评分,最后利用系统聚类法将各树种的防火性能分为4个等级。【结果】经过综合分析评价,筛选出一级防火树种3个,包括木荷、夹竹桃、四川山矾;二级防火树种5个,包括茶树、泡桐、杨梅、红叶石楠、冬青;一般防火树种5个,包括油茶、喜树、女贞、楠木、青冈栎;不适宜用于防火林带的易燃树种4个,包括柳杉、香樟、杉木、马尾松。【结论】木荷、夹竹桃、四川山矾等树种具备较好的综合防火性能,可作为四川建立生物防火隔离带的首选树种,而柳杉、香樟、杉木、马尾松综合防火性能差,应作为被保护对象。

【Objective】Conduct research on the difficulties in tree species selection and low fire prevention efficiency faced by the construction of biological fire barriers in high-risk areas of forest fires in Sichuan Province,comprehensively evaluate the fire prevention performance of 17 main tree species,in order to provide technological support for the high-quality construction of biological fire barriers.【Methods】On the basis of field investigation,the combustion performance and composition of 17 main tree species in Sichuan Province were determined.The biological,ecological and silvicultural characteristics of each tree species were analyzed,evaluated and graded.The fire resistance performance of each tree species was comprehensively scored by the analytic hierarchy process,and finally the fire resistance performance of each tree species was divided into four grades by the system clustering method.【Results】After comprehensive analysis and evaluation,three first level fire-resistant species were selected,including Schima superba,Nerium oleander and Symplocos lucida;Five second level fire-resistant species were selected,including Camellia sinensis,Paulownia fortunei,Morella rubra,Photinia×fraseri and Ilex chinensis;There are 5 third level fire-resistant species,including Camellia oleifera,Camptotheca acuminata,Ligustrum lucidum,Phoebe zhennan and Quercus glauca.There are 4 flammable species that are not suitable for fire protection forest belt,including Cryptomeria japonica var.sinensis,Cinnamomum camphora,Cunninghamia lanceolata and Pinus massoniana.【Conclusion】Schima superba,Nerium oleander and Symplocos lucida have good comprehensive fire resistance performance,and can be used as the preferred tree species to establish biological fire barrier in Sichuan,while Cryptomeria japonica var.sinensis,Cinnamomum camphora,Cunninghamia lanceolata and Pinus massoniana have poor comprehensive fire resistance performance which should be protected.