麻风树浸提液对10种杂草的除草活性研究

Study on the herbicidal activity of the extract of Jatropha curcas against ten weeds

测定麻风树浸提液对禾本科、莎草科和菊科的10种杂草的除草活性,为后续以麻风树为原料制备植物源除草剂提供实验基础与技术支持。通过采用培养皿法与温室盆栽法,利用麻风树内外果壳及叶的混合水浸提液对几种杂草种子进行萌发实验,以发芽率、发芽势、茎生长抑制率、根生长抑制率及RI 5个指标来确定麻风树浸提液是否具有除草活性。试验结果表明,麻风树浸提液具有较强的除草活性,其中对莎草科与菊科杂草的除草活性最强,且在浓度为0.40 mg·mL^(-1)时,除草活性最高。田间测定结果显示,10种杂草的死亡率均随浸提液浓度升高而提高,在浓度0.40 mg·mL^(-1)时杂草死亡率均达到最高,随后下降。麻风树浸提液对莎草科及菊科的除草效果最好,禾本科其次,除草效果依次为:头状穗莎草>豚草>旋鳞莎草>黄花蒿>藿香蓟>狗牙根>画眉草>碎米莎草>扁穗雀麦>旱雀麦。表明利用麻风树浸提液开发除草剂具有可行性,有较大的发展前景。

In order to provide experimental basis and technical support for the preparation of plant-based herbicides using Jatropha curcas as raw material in the future,there was determined the herbicidal activity of the extract of J.curcas against 10 weeds in the Gramineae,Cyperaceae,and Compositae families.By using the culture dish method and the greenhouse potting method,the mixed water extracts of the inner and outer shells and leaves of J.curcas were used to carry out germination experiments on tenl weed seeds.The germination rate,germination potential,stem growth inhibition rate,root The five indicators of growth inhibition rate and RI were used to determine whether the J.curcas had herbicidal activity.The results showed that the extract of J.curcas had strong herbicidal activity.Among them,the herbicidal activity of Cyperaceae and Compositae was the strongest.When the concentration of 0.40 mg·mL^(-1) was treated,the herbicidal efficiency was the highest.The field measurement results showed that the mortality rate of 10 weeds increased with the increase of the extract concentration.At the concentration of 0.40 mg·mL^(-1),the mortality rate of weeds reached its highest and then decreased.The extract of leprosy tree has the best weed control effect on the Cyperaceae and Compositae families,followed by the Gramineae family.The weed control effect is in the following order:Cyperus glomeratus>Ambrosia artemisiifolia>C.michelianus>Artemisia annua>Ageratum conyzoides>Cynodon dactylon>Eragrostis pilosa>C.iria>Bromus catharticus>B.tectorum.It was feasible to use J.curcas extract to develop herbicides and has a greatdevelopmentprospect.