创伤理论:语境、政治和伦理

Trauma Theory:Contexts,Politics,Ethics

本文探讨了创伤研究在当下人文领域变得“时髦”的原因,同时结合卡鲁斯、费尔曼和劳伯的相关论述,分析了创伤理论的伦理和政治维度。以拉普兰奇的观点和客体关系心理分析理论为视角,本文首先检视了创伤理论的主体性模式,以及其与指称和表征理论、历史和见证理论之间的关系,并提出了批判性意见。本文继而指出,尽管创伤理论的讨论对象——他者的苦难——使得批判困难重重,但和任何其他理论一样,这一理论涉及的政治问题,被其纳入或排除的内容,及其无意识之中的驱动力和欲望都值得研究。由于创伤理论兴起的政治和文化语境在很大程度上都没有得到学界的注意,本文最后指出,对于文化和政治领域的摩尼教式非善即恶论,创伤理论起到的应该是急刹车的作用,而不是加速器。

This article discusses the current“popularity”of trauma research in the Humanities and examines the ethics and politics of trauma theory,as exemplified in the writings of Caruth and Felman and Laub.Written from a position informed by I aplanchian and object relations psychoanalytic theory,it begins by examining and ofering a critique of trauma theory's model of subjectivity,and its relations with theories of referentiality and representation,history and testimony.Next,it proposes that although trauma theory's subject matter-the sufferings of others-makes critique difficult,the theory's politics,its exclusions and inclusions,and its unconscious drives and desires are as deserving of attention as those of any other theory.Arguing that the political and cultural contexts within which this theory has risen to prominence have remained largely unexamined,the article concludes by proposing that trauma theory needs to act as a brake against rather than as a vehicle for cultural and political Manicheanism.