竞技体育举国体制中组织关系生成机制研究——基于浙江省“社会力量办体育”改革实践案例

Formation Mechanism of Organizational Relationship in the National System of Competitive Sports:Reform Practice of“Social Forces Running Sports”in Zhejiang Province

组织是竞技体育举国体制的支撑和基础,更是举国体制的核心。以浙江省“社会力量办体育”中竞技体育改革为案例,研究发现:第一,国家—地方关系下的各级体育行政机关及所隶属的运动项目管理中心和体校等事业单位分别作为竞技体育治理主导和主体,构成了我国竞技体育举国体制的基本治理框架。基于此,归纳了竞技体育线性化单向治理、部门化内部治理及行政化孤岛治理的壁垒,并认为纵横交错的多元化组织以多种机制并存的方式,成为竞技体育举国体制的组织状态。第二,各级体育及相关行政机关、国家及省级运动项目管理中心及专业队、市级和区县体校、普通学校及社会体育培训机构形成了相互作用、彼此支撑的多元主体传导式服务、协同治理网络式服务、资源共享耦合式服务组织关系;并以制度保障、组织支撑和柔性治理等治理逻辑,以及竞技体育全域化政策体系、网状化组织体系和协同性组织环境作为组织关系的生成机制,为实现国家主导整合各方资源共促竞技体育人才培养的目标提供了理论参考。

Organization is the support and foundation of the national system of competitive sports,and also its core proposition.Taking the competitive sports reform of“social forces running sports”in Zhejiang Province as a case,this study finds that:firstly,the sports administrative organs at all levels under the national-local relationship,along with the sports project management centers and sports schools and other public institutions under their jurisdiction,respectively serve as the leading and main bodies of competitive sports governance,forming the basic governance framework of China’s competitive sports system.Based on this,this paper sums up the barriers of linear one-way governance,departmental internal governance and administrative island governance of competitive sports,and believes that the crisscrossing and diversified organizations,with multiple mechanisms coexisting,have become the organizational state of the national system of competitive sports.Secondly,sports and related administrative organs at all levels,national and provincial sports project management centers and professional teams,municipal and district/county sports schools,ordinary schools and social sports training institutions have formed a multi subject conductive service,collaborative governance network service,resource sharing and coupling service organization relationship that interacts and supports each other;Moreover,with the governance logic of system guarantee,organizational support and flexible governance means,the overall policy system,the network organization system and the collaborative organizational environment of competitive sports are the formation mechanism of the organizational relationship,which provides a theoretical reference for the realization of the goal of promoting the cultivation of competitive sports talents by integrating various resources under the leadership of the state.