云南澜沧县拉祜族青少年女生生长发育现状调查

Growth and Development of Adolescent Girls of Lahu Ethnic Group in Lancang County of Yunnan Province

目的通过调查云南澜沧拉祜族自治县青少年体格生长和性发育现状,建立拉祜族女性生长发育基础数据库。方法采用整群随机抽取澜沧县5所中学7~9年级青少年女生2870名,通过问卷调查采集数据,医生统一培训后完成体格生长情况测量,分析体格发育和性发育情况。结果2021年云南澜沧县女性青少年身高发育等级评价乡村低于城市(P<0.01),拉祜族身高发育中等偏下,且随年龄增长有增加趋势;生长迟缓乡村发生率(3.2%)高于城市(1.8%),P=0.036,拉祜族发生率(5.2%)高于其他民族(P<0.01);城市高腰围、肥胖(25.9%、10.5%)发生率高于乡村(16.8%、4.7%,P<0.01);乡村拉祜族女生月经初潮平均年龄晚于其他民族女生(P<0.01)。结论云南澜沧拉祜族女生身高发育较其他民族偏低、生长迟缓发生率高。居住在乡村的拉祜族女生初潮平均年龄晚于其他民族女生。建议根据青少年不同生长发育情况,按营养状况分类分群采取个体化健康教育和膳食指导。

Objective To investigate the physical growth and sexual development of adolescents in Lancang Lahu Autonomous County,Yunnan Province,and establish a basic database of Lahu female growth and development.Methods A cluster random sampling method was used to select 2870 teenage girls from grades 7 to 9 from 5 middle schools in Lancang County.Local doctors measured the physical growth of adolescent girls and analyzed the physical and sexual development.Results In 2021,the height development grade evaluation of female adolescents in Lancang County,Yunnan Province was lower in rural areas than in urban areas(P<0.01),and the height development of Lahu ethnic groups was lower than average,and tended to increase with age.The incidence of growth retardancy in rural areas(3.2%)was higher than that in urban areas(1.8%),P=0.036,and that in Lahu ethnic groups(5.2%)was higher than that in other ethnic groups(P<0.01).The incidence of high waist circumference and obesity in urban areas(25.9%,10.5%)was higher than that in rural areas(16.8%,4.7%,P<0.01).The average age of menarche of female Lahu students in rural areas was later than that of female students of other ethnic groups(P<0.01).Conclusion Female students of Lahu nationality have lower height development and higher incidence of growth retardation than other ethnic groups.The average age of menarche of Lahu female students living in rural areas was later than that of other female students.It is suggested that individual health education and dietary guidance should be taken according to the different growth and development of adolescents according to their nutritional status.