昆明市4个区母乳喂养现状及影响因素分析

Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Breast-feeding in Four Districts of Kunming

目的了解昆明市4个区母乳喂养现状及影响因素,探寻目前昆明市母乳喂养率的提升空间,为母乳喂养知识宣传和培训模式研究提供现实依据。方法采用便利抽样法,选取昆明市盘龙区、西山区、五华区、官渡区共4区的三级甲等医院及社区卫生服务中心,共5家,对儿科门诊及儿童保健预防接种门诊的婴幼儿母亲发放问卷进行母乳喂养问卷调查。结果44.7%的婴幼儿0~6月喂养方式为纯母乳喂养,36.6%的婴幼儿0~6月喂养方式为混合喂养,18.7%的婴幼儿0~6月喂养方式为人工喂养。母乳喂养持续时间中位数为10个月,纯母乳喂养时间中位数为4个月;Logistic回归分析显示社会支持、哺乳期上班、母乳喂养知识、母亲睡眠情况、母乳喂养自我效能、孩子近1 a生病次数、丈夫支持母乳喂养等对母乳喂养的发生具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论昆明市城区母乳喂养处于较低水平,受到多种因素影响,尚未达到婴幼儿喂养全球战略中的目标,需制订合理的护理方案以提高母乳喂养率和母乳喂养持续时间。

Objective To understand the current situation and influencing factors of breastfeeding in the four districts of Kunming,and explore the room for improvement of the current breastfeeding rate in Kunming,so as to provide a realistic basis for breastfeeding knowledge publicity and training mode.Methods A convenient sampling method was used to select 5 tertiary hospitals and community health service centers in 4 districts of Panlong,Xishan,Wuhua District and Guandu of Kunming City.The mothers of infants and young children in the pediatric clinic and the child health and vaccination clinic were given questionnaires to conduct the breastfeeding questionnaire survey.Results 44.7%of the infants were fed exclusively from 0 to 6 months,36.6%were fed mixed from 0 to 6 months,and 18.7%were fed artificially from 0 to 6 months.The median duration of breastfeeding was 10 months and the median duration of exclusive breastfeeding was 4 months.Logistic regression analysis showed that social support,working during lactation,knowledge of breastfeeding,sleep status of mothers,self-efficacy,number of children’s diseases in the past year,and husband’s support for breastfeeding had statistical significance on the occurrence of breastfeeding(P<0.05).Conclusion Breastfeeding in urban areas of Kunming is at a low level,affected by many factors,and has not yet reached the goals of the global strategy of infant and young child feeding,and it is necessary to develop a reasonable nursing plan to improve the breastfeeding rate and breastfeeding duration.