城市轨道交通阻尼环车轮的降噪研究

Noise Reduction of Urban Rail Transit Damping Ring Wheel

目的:在城市轨道交通的发展普及和列车及环境振动噪声备受关注的背景下,为了提升乘客的乘车体验及舒适性,需对车轮降噪进行研究。方法:基于轮轨噪声的产生机理分析,从车轮设计角度出发,提出了低噪车轮选型。通过阻尼环降噪车轮的阻尼比分析,降噪车轮的材料及热处理工艺研究,从而掌握低噪声车轮研发的关键技术。结果及结论:研究结果表明:在ER9材质的基础上通过Cr、Al元素合金成分优化以达到降噪车轮的高塑韧性要求,从而保证ER9材质的降噪车轮具有较好的机加工性能,保证阻尼槽的加工精度;同时,通过制定相匹配的新型热处理工艺,保证了车轮强硬度水平,进而达到车轮使用寿命要求。阻尼环降噪车轮的降噪性能检测表明:在车轮自由状态下,由单环增加到双环,降噪量有所提高,但阻尼环的直径对车轮振动声辐射影响不显著;双环全预紧阻尼环车轮较单环全预紧阻尼环车轮,在径向激励下降噪效果增加了5.7 dB(A);在轴向激励下降噪效果增加了7.1 dB(A)。

Objective:In the context of urban rail transit development popularization and prevailing attention on train and environment vibration noise,in order to improve passengers'riding experience and comfort,it is necessary to conduct research on wheels noise reduction.Method:Based on wheel-rail noise generation mechanism analysis,from the perspective of wheel design,the selection of low-noise wheel type is proposed.Through the analysis of damping ratio of damping ring wheels noise reduction and the research on noise reduction wheel materials and heat treatment processes,key technologies for the development of low-noise wheel can be mastered.Result&Conclusion:Research results show that based on ER9 material,the alloy composition of Cr and Al elements is optimized to meet the high plasticity and toughness requirements of noise reduction wheel,ensuring that ER9 material noise reduction wheels have good machining performance for the machining accuracy of damping grooves.At the same time,a matching new heat treatment process is developed to ensure the strength and hardness level of the wheel,thereby meeting the wheel service life requirement.The measurement of noise reduction performance of damping ring noise-reduction wheel shows that in the free state of wheels,the noise reduction amount increases from single ring to double ring,but the impact of damping ring diameter on wheel vibration and sound radiation is not significant;under radial excitation,the noise reduction effect of double ring fully pre-tensioned damping wheel increases by 5.7 dB(A)compared to single ring fully pre-tensioned damping wheel;while under axial excitation,the noise reduction effect increases by 7.1 dB(A).