蔬菜秸秆发酵循环再用育苗基质对番茄幼苗生长的影响

Effects of Vegetable Straw Fermentation and Recycling Seedling Substrate on the Growth of Tomato Seedlings

为研究蔬菜秸秆堆肥发酵后理化性质以及堆肥与蛭石复配形成育苗基质对番茄幼苗生长状况的影响,添加不同比例的芽孢杆菌和假单胞菌、放线菌、酵母菌、霉菌,与粉碎后的秸秆混合发酵,发酵过程中、完成后测定理化性质,选择最好的一个处理与不同比例的蛭石混合形成基质,测定番茄生长指标及根系抗氧化酶活性。结果显示,35%的芽孢杆菌和假单胞菌、35%放线菌、15%的酵母菌、15%的霉菌(T4)处理发酵过程中50℃以上的温度保持10 d以上,堆肥发酵后理化性质最好,C/N较初始状态下降了59.31%,容重较CK增加了71.43%,pH由酸性转变中性,适合幼苗生长。将T4处理的堆肥与不同比例的蛭石相结合培育番茄幼苗,番茄幼苗长势旺盛,根系抗氧化酶活性显著提高。因此蔬菜秸秆可代替草炭与蛭石复配形成基质。

To study the physicochemical properties of vegetable straw compost after fermentation and the effect of the compost combined with vermiculite on the growth of tomato seedlings,different proportions of Bacillus and Pseudomonas,actinomycetes,yeasts and molds were added to crushing straw for mixing and fermentation.The physicochemical properties were determined during and after the fermentation,the best treatment compost was selected and mixed with different proportions of vermiculite to form a matrix,and the tomato growth indexes and root antioxidant enzyme activities were determined.The results showed that after the fermentation by 35%of Bacillus and Pseudomonas,35%of actinomycetes,15%of yeast,and 15%of mold adding treatment(T4)with the temperature above 50℃for more than 10 days,the physicochemical properties of the compost were the best.C/N decreased by 59.31%compared with the initial state,and the bulk density increased by 71.43%compared with CK.The pH value changed from acid to neutral,which was suitable for seedling growth.Combining T4 treatment compost with different proportions of vermiculite to cultivate tomato seedlings,the tomato seedlings grew vigorously,and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in roots were significantly improved.Therefore,vegetable straw can replace peat to form a matrix with vermiculite.